Fermentation products plants

Pfizer opens a fermentation production plant for citric add used mainly for soft drinks... 

In this chapter we describe the use of pea seeds to express the bacterial enzyme a-amylase. Bacterial exoenzymes like the heat stable a-amylase from Bacillus licheni-formis are important for starch hydrolysis in the food industry. The enzymatic properties of a-amylase are well understood [13,14], it is one of the most thermostable enzymes in nature and it is the most commonly used enzyme in biotechnological processes. Although fermentation in bacteria allows highly efficient enzyme production, plant-based synthesis allows in situ enzymatic activity to degrade endogenous reserve starch, as shown in experiments with non-crop plants performed under greenhouse conditions [12,15]. Finally, the quantitative and sensitive detection of a-amylase activ-... 

Biotechnology companies, fermentation products of, ll 17-20t Biotechnology herbicides, 13 346-369 biocontrol of weeds with plant pathogens, 13 346-352 control of weeds with allelopathy,... 

Shikimic acid is isolated from Chinese star anis, Illicium verum, and quinic acid is extracted from the bark of Cinchona trees. Although both compounds can be found in many other plants, their isolation and purification are cumbersome. A fermentation production process of shikimic acid from other renewables such as glucose seems to be successful [46]. 

Gfeller, R.P., Gibbs, M. 1984. Eermentative metabolism of Chlcmtydomonas reinhardtiV. 1. Analysis of fermentative products from starch in dark-light. Plant Physiology 75 212-218. 

The avermectins, a family of compounds with potent anthelmintic, insecticidal and acaricidal activity, have vividly demonstrated that fermentation products can have entirely unanticipated activities. Besides their utility in animals, they show great promise for the control of insect pests of plants. Although antibiotics have found only a limited role in the control of plant diseases, the desire to find environmentally acceptable alternatives to the chemicals currently used has prompted new research efforts to discover fermentation products for use as pesticides. 

There has been a gradual evolution in the types of fermentation products that have been developed for use in agriculture. This evolution has been punctuated by several major discoveries that have served to influence future work. The history begins with the accidental discovery of a new use for an antibiotic that was already playing a major role in the treatment of human diseases. There follows a deliberate search for new antibiotics unrelated to those used in humans, the detection of a new activity for what had appeared to be a useless antibiotic, and, finally, the discovery of a family of compounds that has opened up an entirely new area for the use of fermentation products in agriculture and may well play a major role in the control of both plant and animal diseases. 

Fermentation products have played a rather minor role in the control of plant diseases. Table VI gives a classification of agents used on plants. These are divided into pesticides and growth modulators. The pesticides are classified as bactericides, fungicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides and herbicides. There are fermentation products in each of these categories, and these are listed in Table VII. 

Alcoholic beverages are produced by the fermentation of plant products that have a high carbohydrate content. Pyruvate, which is formed from glucose, is initially decarboxy-... 

Boehringer-Ingelheim invested 320 million, resp. 3.5 million per m fermenter volume, in a new 90,000-L eight-floor biopharmaceutical production plant at the former Dr. K. Thomae site in Biberach/Riss, Germany. 

Traditional approaches for natural product screening in drug discovery involve the testing of crude extracts obtained from microbial fermentation broths, plants, or marine organisms. When activity above a certain level is detected, active components are isolated and purified for identification. This process is often time consuming where the physicochemical characteristics of the active components are determined, known compounds are identified (dereplication), and the novel compounds are scaled-up for more detailed investigation. 

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