Fatty acid hydrocarbons and

Dugo, G., d Alcontres, I.S., Controneo, A. and Salvo, F. (1979) Composition of almond oil. 1. Fatty acids, hydrocarbons and sterols of three varieties of Sicilian sweet almonds. Riv. Ital. Sost. Grasse, 56, 201-203. 

Strobel HW, Lu AYH, Heidema J, Coon MJ. 1970. Phosphatidylcholine requirement in the enzymatic reduction of hemoprotein P-450 and in fatty acid, hydrocarbon, and drug hydroxylation. J. Biol. Chem. 245 4851-54... 

Hydrophobic packing materials such as divinylbenzene [82] or chemically modified silica (C8, C 8) [102] are recommended for removing aromatics, long-chain fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and surfactants from the sample. In contrast to ODS materials, divinylbenzene has the advantage of being stable over a broad pH range (pH 0 to 14). Also, divinylbenzene shows a higher selectivity for aromatic and unsaturated compounds. 

Formiria QjHuOsNRR, R and R are fatty acid groups Properties Nearly wh. to yel. or bm. waxy mass or thick fluid, nutlike odor, bland taste sol. in chloroform, ether, petrol, ether, min. oils, fatty acids, hydrocarbon and chlorinated soivs. insol. but swells in water and salt sol ns. insol. in veg. oils dens. 1.0305 (24/4 C) HLB 8.0 acid no. 15-30 iodine no. 95 sapqn. no. 196 nonionic Toxicology May cause bronchoconstriction in people with asthma TSCA listed... 

Coon, M.J., Autor, A.P., Boyer, R.F., Lode, E.T., Strobel, H.W. On the mechanism of fatty acid, hydrocarbon, and drug hydroxylation in liver microsomal and bacterial enzyme systems. In Oxidases and related redox systems, vol. 2, p. 529-553. Baltimore, Maryland University Park Press 1973... 

Most LB-forming amphiphiles have hydrophobic tails, leaving a very hydrophobic surface. In order to introduce polarity to the final surface, one needs to incorporate bipolar components that would not normally form LB films on their own. Berg and co-workers have partly surmounted this problem with two- and three-component mixtures of fatty acids, amines, and bipolar alcohols [175, 176]. Interestingly, the type of deposition depends on the contact angle of the substrate, and, thus, when relatively polar monolayers are formed, they are deposited as Z-type multilayers. Phase-separated LB films of hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon mixtures provide selective adsorption sites for macromolecules, due to the formation of a step site at the domain boundary [177]. 

A variety of waxy hydrophobic hydrocarbon-based soHd phases are used including fatty acid amides and sulfonamides, hydrocarbon waxes such as montan wax [8002-53-7], and soHd fatty acids and esters. The amides are particularly important commercially. One example is the use of ethylenediamine distearamide [110-30-5] as a component of latex paint and paper pulp blackHquor defoamer (11). Hydrocarbon-based polymers are also used as the soHd components of antifoaming compositions (5) examples include polyethylene [9002-88-4], poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2], and polymeric ion-exchange resins. 

Although not very commonly used in the separation of nentral hpids, two-dimensional systems have been nsed to separate hydrocarbons, steryl esters, methyl esters, and mixed glycerides that move close to each other in one-dimensional systems. Complex neutral lipids of Biomphalaria glabrata have been first developed in hexane diethyl ether (80 20), dried, and the plates have been turned 90°, followed by the second development in hexane diethyl ether methanol (70 20 10) for complete separation of sterol and wax esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, sterols, and monoglycerides [54]. 

On-line SFE-pSFC-FTD, using formic or acetic acid modified CO2 as an extraction solvent, was used to analyse a dialkyltin mercaptide stabiliser in rigid PVC (Geon 87444) [114]. Hunt et al. [115] reported off-line SFE-pSFC-UV analysis of PVC/(DIOP, chlorinated PE wax, Topanol CA), using methanol as a modifier. Individual additives are unevenly extracted at lower pressures and temperatures, where extraction is incomplete. Topanol CA, the most polar of the three PVC additives studied, could not be fully extracted in the time-scale required (15-20min), even at the highest CO2 temperature and pressure obtainable. However, methanol-modified CO2 enhances extraction of Topanol CA. PVC film additives (DEHP, fatty acids, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) were also separated by off-line SFE-preparative SFC, and analysed by PDA and IR [116]. 

Saturated hydrocarbons (waxes), fatty acids, metal soaps, fatty acid amides and esters (primarily Cig-Cis) act as internal lubricants, fluoro elastomers as external lubricants. Many other polymer additives, e.g. antistatic agents, antifogs, antioxidants, UV stabilisers, etc., act as lubricants in the barrel of the extruder once they are in the liquid form. 

Experiments with monkeys given intramuscular injections of a mineral oil emulsion with [l-14C] -hexa-decane tracer provide data illustrating that absorbed C-16 hydrocarbon (a major component of liquid petrolatum) is slowly metabolized to various classes of lipids (Bollinger 1970). Two days after injection, substantial portions of the radioactivity recovered in liver (30%), fat (42%), kidney (74%), spleen (81%), and ovary (90%) were unmetabolized -hexadecane. The remainder of the radioactivity was found as phospholipids, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and sterol esters. Essentially no radioactivity was found in the water-soluble or residue fractions. One or three months after injection, radioactivity still was detected only in the fat-soluble fractions of the various organs, but 80-98% of the detected radioactivity was found in non-hydrocarbon lipids. 

Non-drying oil resins are soluble only in Aromatic hydrocarbons. They are used with amino resins for stoving finishes for appliances. Medium resins are used as plasticisers for cellulose nitrate. Along with natural oils several natural occurring and synthetic acid like resin (abiotic acid) pelargonic acid and isooctanoic acid are added to modify alkye resins. The alkyd resins are obtained by two processes, i.e., (1) Fatty Acid Process and (2) Alcoholysis process. 

The lipids of milk are composed of about 98% triglycerides, with much smaller amounts of free fatty acids, mono-and diglycerides, phospholipids, sterols, and hydrocarbons. Chapter 4 deals in detail with the composition of milk lipids. 

There is a close resemblance between fatty-acid salts and phospholipids (p. 790) in that both possess long hydrocarbon tails and a polar head. Phospholipids also aggregate in a polar medium to form micelles and continuous bilayer structures such as shown in Figure 18-5. The bilayer lipid structure is very important to the self-sealing function of membranes and their impermeability to very polar molecules. 

Two commonly occurring fatty acids (a) and comparable hydrocarbons (b). 

Detergency is about the theory and practice of the removal of foreign material from solids by surface-active substances. This definition excludes pure mechanical cleaning. Also a pure chemical cleaning, e.g., by solvation of the foreign material, is not considered. In textiles oily substances usually attach to the fibres (animal fats, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, etc.). Also dust, soot, and other solid particles have to be removed in a washing process. In order to test the effectiveness of a surfactant, textiles are often polluted with standard dirt mixtures and cleaned with a standard washing procedure (launderometer). Often cleanliness is measured on the basis of optical reflectivity of white textiles. 

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