Hexa decane

When the polar additive nonylic acid was added into hexade-cane liquid, the contact ratio becomes much smaller than that of pure hexadecane, which is shown in Fig. 39. For hexa-decane liquid, the critical speed to reach zero contact ratio is 50 mm/s, which is much higher than that of mineral oil 13604 because of its much lower viscosity. Flowever, when nonylic acid was added into the hexadecane liquid, the critical speed decreased from more than 50 mm/s to 38 mm/s. The same phenomenon can be seen in Fig. 39(h) which shows the comparison of oil 13604 and that added with 1.8 %wt. nonylic acid. The addition of polar additive reduces the contact ratio, too, but its effect is not as strong as that in hexadecane liquid because the oil 13604 has a much larger viscosity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of polar additives will reduce the contact ratio because the polar additives are easy to form a thick boundary layer, which can separate asperities of the two rubbing surfaces. 

Singer ME, WR Einnerty (1985b) Alcohol dehydrogenases in Acinetobacter sp. strain HOl-N role in hexa-decane and hexadecanol metabolism. J Bacterial 164 1017-1024. 

Experiments with monkeys given intramuscular injections of a mineral oil emulsion with [l-14C] -hexa-decane tracer provide data illustrating that absorbed C-16 hydrocarbon (a major component of liquid petrolatum) is slowly metabolized to various classes of lipids (Bollinger 1970). Two days after injection, substantial portions of the radioactivity recovered in liver (30%), fat (42%), kidney (74%), spleen (81%), and ovary (90%) were unmetabolized -hexadecane. The remainder of the radioactivity was found as phospholipids, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and sterol esters. Essentially no radioactivity was found in the water-soluble or residue fractions. One or three months after injection, radioactivity still was detected only in the fat-soluble fractions of the various organs, but 80-98% of the detected radioactivity was found in non-hydrocarbon lipids. 

A new cyclic mechanism of chain termination by nitroxyl radicals, including the formation of aminyl radicals as intermediate species, has been proposed by Korcek and coworkers [42,43]. It was shown that the addition of 4,4 -dioctyldiphenylnitroxyl radical to the hexa-decane that is oxidized (T = 433 K) leads to the formation of the corresponding diphenyl-amine as an intermediate compound during its transformations. The following cyclic mechanism of chain termination was suggested ... 

Fig. 6. Reaction rate coefficients for the combination of f-butyl radicals in Aj n-hexa-decane solvent V, n-dodecane solvent , n-decane solvent X, n-octane solvent 8 n-heptane solvent and of allyl radicals in propane ( ) and melhylallyl radicals in isobutane (O) plotted against the Smoluchowski—Stokes—Einstein rate coefficient, eqn. (30). The broken line is of unit slope. The solid line is a comparison of the steady-state (t-> >) Collins and Kimball rate coefficient [eqn. (26)] with the activation rate coefficient, feact = 1011 dm3 mol-1 s 1 and the diffusion-limited rate coefficient 4irRD replaced by eqn. (30). After Schuh and Fischer [40].

Examples of the useage of polymethylsilox-ane in energetic materials from the current literature include (in expls) the work of Bowers et al (Ref 19) who investigated the mechanisms involved in impact sensitivity and desensitization of RDX by using an automatic impact— expln detection system to explore the effectiveness of mixing or coating RDX with a series of compds. He found that PDS was third in the order of effectiveness behind n-C16H34 (hexa-decane) and w. Bowers theorizes that liquids... 

Fig. 1. Growth of YR-1 strain in different carbon sources. The microorganism was grown in sMMP with added glucose (A), hexadecane (B), or petroleum (C). Magnification x400. Arrows shows specific structures formed only in medium with hexa-decane as the sole carbon source.

The same apparatus was used to measure the kinetics of emulsion crystallization under shear. McClements and co-workers (20) showed that supercooled liquid n-hexadecane droplets crystallize more rapidly when a population of solid n-hexa-decane droplets are present. They hypothesized that a collision between a solid and liquid droplet could be sufficient to act as a nucleation event in the liquid. The frequency of collisions increases with the intensity of applied shear field, and hence shearing should increase the crystallization rate. A 50 50 mixture of solid and liquid n-hexadecane emulsion droplets was stored at 6 -0.01 °C in a water bath (i.e., between the melting points and freezing points of emulsified n-hexadecane). A constant shear rate (0-200 s ) was applied to the emulsion in the shear cell, and ultrasonic velocities were determined as a function of time. The change in speed of sound was used to calculate the percentage solids in the system (Fig. 7). Surprisingly, there was no clear effect of increased shear rate. This could either be because increase in collision rate was relatively modest for the small particles used (in the order of 30% at the fastest rate) or because the time the interacting droplets remain in proximity is not affected by the applied shear. 

Crude Shale Oil. The whole crude prior to thermal stress contained about 18 percent material in the JP-5 boiling range. This range was set for purposes of this experiment as the midpoint between the GC retention times for n-octane and n-nonane through the midpoint between the retention times for n-hexa-decane and n-heptadecane. Pyrolysis increased the JP-5 content irrespective of pyrolysis time. Table III shows that the yields of JP-5 were about the same for all stress times and that at least 24% was attained for all stress times. Thus, pyrolysis of Paraho shale oil at 450°C affords good yields of JP-5. 

In ahnlicher Weise entstehen aus Verbindung IV Cyclopentadecan (15% d.Th.), Hexa-decan-16-olid (25% d.Th.) und Cyclohexanon (20% d.Th.) ... 

Nestrick and coworkers (34) observed a striking difference in the photolysis rates of a series of tetrachlorinated dibenzo- -dloxins. 2,3,7,8-TCDD underwent the most rapid photolysis in hexa-decane. The rate of photolysis was 148 times more rapid than that of the 1,4,6,9-TCDD isomer when exposed to light from an RS sunlamp. Other TCDD Isomers had relative photolysis rates varying between 2.7 times slower (1,3,7,8-TCDD) to 24 times slower (1,3,6,9-TCDD). The problem with relating these results to outdoor conditions is that the overlap of the absorption spectra of each of the isomers with the emission spectra of the RS sunlamp was not considered (35). 

The capsule membrane appeared to consist of an outer skin, a thin macropo-rous layer and a very thick dense membrane, with an overall (mean) thickness of 90 pm (Fig. 12). The capsule diameter was 900 pm after 7 days. Smaller capsules can be made with a variation of this method in which the needle is held stationary and the hexadecane pumped past the end of the needle the hexa-decane is recirculated and care must be exercised to ensure that capsules are not entrained with the recirculated hexadecane (Fig. 13). The effect of hexadecane flowrate on capsule size (as it leaves the needle) in an early prototype is shown in Fig. 14 capsules shrink to approximately half their initial diameter as solvent is extracted. Note that capsules as small as 300 pm can be produced. As a consequence of the thin skin it is possible to damage the capsules through mishandling forceps with serrated edges or forcing capsules through narrow bore needles are avoided as a result. 

Molecular reorientation times also have been determined for n-hexa-decane 21). They range from 5 X 10 to 10" sec over the temperature interval of interest. Thus the contribution of molecular reorientation to r s( A(0(i)) also will be reduced greatly. 

Figure 7. Casein addition to a 24 h old lysozyme film at the n-hexa-decane-water interface (pH 7, 25 °C). The apparent viscosity r is plotted against time t following exposure of 10 wt % lysozyme solution to fresh interface (1) 0.05 M, (2) 0.005 M. The arrow indicates the point at which 10 wt % casein is added. The dashed line represents behavior of pure lysozyme.

For other reactions, there may be a large increase in total moles, as in the cracking of hydrocarbons. Test data for thermal cracking of n-hexa-decane show 3 to 5 moles of product formed for each mole cracked [1] ... 

An interesting aspect of lER catalysis is that the course of reaction with a homogeneous catalyst can be altered in the presence of lER. An example of this is the mono-acylation of diols ranging from 1,3-ethanediol to 1,16-hexa-decan-ediol by transesterification in ester-solvent mixtures catalyzed by an acidic lER (reaction 6.26) (Takeshi et al., 1994). 

Fig. 7. Variations of the low frequency permittivity with increasing water mass fraction in water-hexadecane systems using potassium oleate and 1-hexanol combined with the mass ratio 3/5, for different values of p, the hexa-decane mass fraction. Temperature T = 25°C.

Polymer solution was 2000 ppm PUSHER-700 in 2.1% NaCl, 0.4 PV slug followed by 500 ppm in 0.05% NaCl, 0.6 PV slug Soluble oil formulation = 10% TRS 10-410 + 4% IBA in hexa-decane 5% PV slug. Aqueous formulation = 7.65% TRS 10-410 + 3.06% IBA in 2.1% NaCl 5% PV slug. Different concentrations (w/w) of oleic and aqueous formulations were employed to take into account their density difference so that the amount of surfactant and alcohol injected was the same Permeability of the 13" x 1" Berea cores = 200 to 400 milli-Darcy porosity = 22%... 

When precursors are sonicated in high-boiling alkanes, e.g., decane or hexa-decane, nanostructured powders are formed. Using a polymeric ligand [e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)] or inorganic supports (silica, alumina, etc.), nanophase metal colloids, and nanostructured supported metal catalysts are generated, with very interesting catalytic activity. 

The peak shape and retention volumes in the non-equilibrium region depend strongly on carrier gas flow rate [161, 220]. The dependence of retention volumes on flow rate at the given temperatures for n-hexa-decane on polystyrene is shown in Figure 5.26 [161]. The linear dependence of retention volume on flow rate extrapolated to zero flow rate yields... 

FIG. 11 Crystallization thermogram for the mixed emulsion containing 15 wt% n-hexa-decane droplets and 15 wt% tetradecane droplets. 

Equilibrium stress-strain data on bulk samples were difficult to obtain because of the aforementioned problems. Therefore, the behavior of PBD networks in which the fluctuations of the junctions are highly constrained was explored with Network D-1, which is highly cross-linked. Although the junctions in highly cross-linked networks are subject to smaller relative constraint from entanglements, these junctions will remain highly constrained. Measurements on samples swollen with hexa-decane eliminate the problem of equilibrium and provide a measure of this limit the experimental data exhibit large departures from phantom behavior. But these departures are within the framework of the theory Network D-1 exhibits affine-like behavior. 

The results with isohexadecane are summarised in Table 9.2. As with the hexa-decane system, the droplet size and polydispersity index decreased with increasing... 

FIG. 17-13. Storage compliance of polyisobutylene (37o = 1.5 X 10 ) and five solutions in n-hexa-decane with indicated values of t>2 reduced to 2S.0 C. Pips in circles denote individual temperatures of measurement, from I S° to 60°. Points omitted from intermediate curves to avoid confusion. (Richards, Ninomiya, and Ferry. )... 

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