Fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Mastovska, K. and Lehotay, S.J. 2003, Practical approaches to fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1000 153-180. 

Kirchner, M., Matisova, E., Otrekal, R., Hercegova, A., de Zeeuw, J (2005) Search on ruggedness of fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in pesticide residues analysis. J. Chro-matogr. A 1084 63-70. 

One of the reasons for lack offlterature was probably because environmental analysis depends heavily on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, which is not suitable for most dyes because of their lack of volatility (254). However, significant progress is being made in analyzing nonvolatile dyes by newer mass spectral methods such as fast atom bombardment (EAB), desorption chemical ionization, thermospray ionization, etc. 

A.L. Makas and M.L. Troshkov, Field gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for fast analysis, J. Chromatogr. B, 800 (2004) 55-61. 

Thomas etal. [72] used pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a fast economic screening technique for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Thomas used reverse-phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles in sediments. 

In the past, PTRC screening was mainly based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [116]. The choice of GC-MS was based on a number of good reasons (separation power of GC, selectivity of detection offered by MS, inherent simplicity of information contained in a mass spectrum, availability of a well established and standardized ionization technique, electron ionization, which allowed the construction of large databases of reference mass spectra, fast and reliable computer aided identification based on library search) that largely counterbalanced the pitfalls of GC separation, i.e., the need to isolate analytes from the aqueous substrate and to derivatize polar compounds [117]. 

The analytically important features of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT/ICR) mass spectrometry (1) have recently been reviewed (2-9) ultrahigh mass resolution (>1,000,000 at m/z. < 200) with accurate mass measurement even 1n gas chromatography/mass spectrometry experiments sensitive detection of low-volatility samples due to 1,000-fold lower source pressure than in other mass spectrometers versatile Ion sources (electron impact (El), self-chemical ionization (self-Cl), laser desorption (LD), secondary ionization (e.g., Cs+-bombardment), fast atom bombardment (FAB), and plasma desorption (e.g., 252cf fission) trapped-ion capability for study of ion-molecule reaction connectivities, kinetics, equilibria, and energetics and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with a single mass analyzer and dual collision chamber. 

El-Beqqali, A., A. Kussak, and M. Abdel-Rehim. 2006. Fast and sensitive environmental analysis utilizing microextraction in packed syringe online with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J. Chromatogr. A 1114 234—238. 

DJ Burinsky, R Dunphy, AR Oyler, CJ Shaw, ML Cotter. Characterization of a synthetic peptide impurity by fast-atom bombardment-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 81 597, 1992. 

Kochman, M., Gordin, A., Goldshlag, P., Lehotay, S. J., and Amirav, A., Fast, high-sensitivity, multipesticide analysis of complex mixtures with supersonic gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 974, 185-212, 2002. 

It has been coupled with enzyme immunoassay for efficient and fast polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) screening in soil [21]. In a number of studies both static and dynamic superheated water extraction has been coupled to solid-phase microextraction [15, 25, 28, 30, 35, 38], sometimes with other analytical methods also coupled. It has been coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [31], capillary electrophoresis [31], liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry [32] and liquid chromatography-gas chromatography [41]. Sometimes other chemicals are added to the water used, such as acid [42] or phosphate buffer [43]. Different trapping methods for analytical extraction have been examined [44]. 

The use of analytical instruments to detect, analyze and rate the emissions has been a convention in this field (Rock et ai, 2008 Yamazoe and Miura, 1995) examples include instruments such as infra-red (IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) absorption, chemiluminescence (Yamazoe and Miura, 1995) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (James et al, 2005). These analytical techniques are associated with good limits of detection and fast response times (Akbar et al., 2006 Szabo et aL, 2003) however, they do suffer from various disadvantages - such as maintenance requirements, as well as weight and portability issues (Akbar et aL, 2006). They tend to be expensive and therefore are unsuited for tn-situ analysis or continuous operation (Rock et al, 2008). Data gathering may also be time-consuming with these methods (Yamazoe and Miura, 1995), and the requirement for trained personnel to utilise the instruments and conduct analysis also limits their effectiveness (James et al, 2005). 

It may at first appear at variance with the rest of the handbook to discuss derivatization for fast atom/ ion bombardment mass spectrometry, where chromatography may be only incidentally rather than directly involved. Nevertheless, it seems appropriate to include this aspect because these techniques are complementary to the electron impact and chemical ionization methods used with gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as described in Chapter 14, and thus extend the coverage to include derivatization methods for the majority of mass spectrometric techniques. 

Cunha, S. C., Faria, M. A., Fernandes, J. O. (2011). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assessment of amines in port wine and grape juice after fast chloroformate extraction/derivatization. Journal of Agricultural arul Food Chemistry, 59, 8742-8753. http //dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf201379x. 

GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry FAB-MS, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry ESI-MS, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry MALDI-ToF-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 

MondeUo, L. CasiUi, A. Tranchida, P.Q. Costa, R. Chiofalo, B. Dugo, P. Dugo, G. Evaluation of fast gas chromatography and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis of hpids. J. Chromatogr. A, 2004,105, 237-247. 

This entry examines several recent advances in pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The use of anal3dical pyrolysis coupled to GC/MS in polymer studies has greatly increased in the past few years because of the hyphenation between a technique permitting a fast thermal program to yield volatile fragments with a powerful tool for their identification. The classical application of Py C/MS to thermoplastics has been extended recently to thermosets and even to hiopolymers and biocomposites. The use of these techniques to study alternative methods for waste treatment has also been considered as an important and recent feature, showing possibilities for further improvement in the amount of its applications. A brief overview on the identification of polymer additives by Py-GC/MS has also been carried out. 

Herrera, M. Matuschek, G. Kettrup, A. Fast identification of polymer additives by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2003, 70, 35-42. 

A variety of mass spectrometric approaches have been used for determining the isotopic composition and concentration of trace elements in biological matrices. The more commonly used are thermal ionization-mass spectrometry (TI-MS) [5,8], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [7,9], fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) [10-12], and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [4]. 

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