Fast gas chromatography

The narrow-bore column approach is a very effective and is the most popular way of increasing analysis speed. Substantial reductions in analysis times are achieved by exploiting two factors a shorter column length and the application of higher than optimum average linear velocities. Operating under optimum 

As can bee seen, 57 components were separated with both methods. The fast GC technique performs the same separation within 9 min, a speed gain of a factor of 5 compared with the conventional method. A lime oil sample, in a application aimed at quality control, was separated satisfactorily in only 90 s on a 5 m X 0.5-mm internal diameter, 0.05-pm film thickness column [78]. Other applications include essential oil analyses [79,80], fiavour volatiles in fruits [81], fatty acid composition [82] and pesticides [83]. 

It has been shown that using fast temperature programming is a better way than using faster flow rates to decrease the analysis times [84]. This parameter has been ignored in many studies, but it offers valuable time savings with some added benefits. Shorter columns with typical internal diameters (e.g. 0.25 mm) and film thicknesses can be used, without much loss in sample capacity. 

It is important to ensure that the data collection rate is fast enough for peaks with low retention times in order to ensure good reproducibility of all peak parameters. For modern instrumentation, this is generally not a problem for example, FID detectors are typically able to achieve a data acquisition rate of 50-250 Hz using the standard instrument configuration. 

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N. Ragunathan, T. A. Sasaki, K. A. Rrock and C. A. Wilkins, Multidimensional fast gas chromatography with matrix isolation infrared detection . Anal. Chem. 66 3751-3756 (1994). 

Fast flux test facility (FFTF), 17 587 Fast Fourier transform (fft) algorithm, 23 137. See also Fourier entries Fast gas chromatography, 6 434-437 Fastin, 3 91, 93t... 

Mastovska, K. and Lehotay, S.J. 2003, Practical approaches to fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1000 153-180. 

Korytar, R, Janssen, H.G., Matisova, E., Brinkman, U.A.T. (2002) Practical fast gas chromatography methods, instrumentation and applications. Trends Anal. Chem. 21 558-572. 

Kirchner, M., Matisova, E., Otrekal, R., Hercegova, A., de Zeeuw, J (2005) Search on ruggedness of fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in pesticide residues analysis. J. Chro-matogr. A 1084 63-70. 

In each run, one channel was loaded with graphite or quartz and used as bypass reference, and one channel was loaded with reference catalyst (commercial or proprietary) for comparison. The temperature was varied from 100 to 250 °C, with a 5 min isotherm every 20 °C. Reaction products were monitored by fast gas chromatography (micro-GC) and on-line mass spectrometry (MS). The carbon mass-balance was calculated by monitoring the effluents from the bypass reactor and kept between 98 and 102%. 

Gas chromatography [9, 10] Fast gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric (GC/NICI-MS) assay combined with rapid and nonlaborious sample preparation is presented for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and a-hydroxy metabolites, zaleplon, and zopiclone in whole blood. The compounds were extracted from 100 pi of whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and derivatized by N-methyl-N-(ferf-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroaceta-mide (MTBSTFA). 

Striebich, R.C. Fast gas chromatography for middle-distillate aviation turbine fuels. Assoc. Can. Stud. Pet. Chem. Prepr. 2002, 47 (3), 219-222. 

Because luminol detection for the PANs does not suffer from the oxygen interference which affects BCD, separation of NO2 and the PANs can be accomplished in a much shorter analysis time with luminol detection and the same nonpolar column materials. Bigure 19.6 shows three replicate analyses of room air, every 30 sec, with fast gas chromatography and luminol chemiluminescence detection (GC/LCD), a capillary column, and a 5-cm sample loop. The column used in Bigure 19.6 is a 10 m X 0.53 mm i.d. DBl capillary column maintained at room temperature (25°C). A carrier gas mixture of 5% O2 in helium was used at a flow of 60 cm min The arrows in Bigure 19.6 indicate the NO2 peak (first elution) at a RT of approximately 6 sec and... 

FIGURE 19.6 Replicate room air analyses obtained every 30 sec with fast gas chromatography with luminol detection. Arrows point to NO2 (RT = 6 sec) and PAN (RT = 16 sec) peaks. 

Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A., and Drayton, P. J., Fast gas chromatography with luminol detection for measurement of nitrogen dioxide and PANs, Proceedings Sixth U.S./German Workshop on Ozone/ Fine Particle Science, EPA/600/R-00/076, Riverside, CA, pp. 110-117, 1999. 

Ertl H., Breit U., Kaltschmidt H., and Oberpriller H., Determination of the HMX and RDX content in synthesized energetic material by HPLC, FT-MIR, and FT-NIR spectroscopies. New separation device that allows fast gas chromatography of large samples, SPIE Proc., 2276, 58-68, 1994. 

Vonderheide, A. P., Montes-Bayon, M., and Caruso, J. A. 2002. Development and application of a method for the analysis of brominated flame retardants by fast gas chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. J Anal Atom Spectrom 17(11), 1480-1485. 

Rates of consumption of reactants and formation of products were monitored continuously with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (Extranuclear) through a capillary sampling tube located at the outlet of the reactor, and periodically by a fast gas chromatography system (MTI M200). This GC system was capable of determining the entire product distribution through C4 hydrocarbons every 60 s. Oxygen 02 (99.997%) was obtained from Airco, Ar (99.999%) from Airco, and 20% 02 (97%) in Ar (99.998%) from ICON. 

Cagan, A. Schmidt, H. Rodrignez, J.E. Eiceman, G.A., Fast gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry of explosives from TATP to Tetryl without gas atmosphere modifiers, Int. J. Ion Mobil. Spectmm. 2010. 

There are many definitions of fast gas chromatography (GC). For some, the definition of fast may be that we achieved the result in less time than we did yesterday . Others adhere strictly to rules such as the inherent speed of a given separation is best defined by the width of peaks and then seek to minimize this width for all peaks. In practical GC, the best definition of fast will be dependent on the analysis task at hand. The approach that an analyst accepts as a fast ... 

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