Factors percentage

Bioassay Detected effects Endpoint Levels Of indication Known active toxic compounds Performance characteristics (sensitivity detection limit variability reproducibility) Confounding factors Percentage false positive data... 

Fig. 7. Time averaged cross-sectional liquid saturation distribution in structured bed at (a) Ug Ocm/s (b) Ug 5 cm/s (c) Ug 10 cm/s. In the table, sy shows the liquid saturation and

Stream factor Percentage of actual plant on-stream time compared with the possible on-steam time. 

Risk Factors Percentage of Supply Chains Affected... 

Component Mole fraction Gal per 1,000 cu ft Equi. constant atOO F and 50 lb Absorption factor Percentage of each component that is absorbed (Fig. 22-11) Gal ab- sorbed p 1,000 cu ft Percentage composition of raw gasoline... 

At the limit of Knudsen diffusion control it is not reasonable to expect that any of the proposed approximation methods will perform well since, as we know, percentage variations in pressure are quite large. Nevertheless it is interesting to examine their results, which are shown in Figure 11 4 At this limit it is easy to check algebraically that equations (11.54) and (11.55) become the same, while (11.60) differs from the other two. Correspondingly the values of the effectiveness factor calculated using the approximation of Kehoe and Aris coincide with the results of Apecetche et al., and with the exact solution, ile Hite and Jackson s effectiveness factors differ substantially. 

Acrylate and methacrylate polymerizations are accompanied by the Hberation of a considerable amount of heat and a substantial decrease in volume. Both of these factors strongly influence most manufacturing processes. Excess heat must be dissipated to avoid uncontrolled exothermic polymerizations. In general, the percentage of shrinkage decreases as the size of the alcohol substituent increases on a molar basis, the shrinkage is relatively constant (77). 

Aerosol Shampoos. These shampoos constitute a very small percentage of the market. They have been available in two versions, ie, Hquid foam types and dry spray forms. The Hquid foam type, despite its convenience and appealing appearance, did not attain high general use. Factors involved in its low acceptabiHty include not only higher product cost but also serious stabiHty issues with can corrosion. 

Many factors other than current influence the rate of machining. These involve electrolyte type, rate of electrolyte flow, and other process conditions. For example, nickel machines at 100% current efficiency, defined as the percentage ratio of the experimental to theoretical rates of metal removal, at low current densities, eg, 25 A/cm. If the current density is increased to 250 A/cm the efficiency is reduced typically to 85—90%, by the onset of other reactions at the anode. Oxygen gas evolution becomes increasingly preferred as the current density is increased. 

The majority of spunbonded fabrics are based on isotactic polypropylene and polyester (Table 1). Small quantities are made from nylon-6,6 and a growing percentage from high density polyethylene. Table 3 illustrates the basic characteristics of fibers made from different base polymers. Although some interest has been seen in the use of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as a base polymer, largely because of potential increases in the softness of the final fabric (9), economic factors continue to favor polypropylene (see OlefinPOLYMERS, POLYPROPYLENE). 

PyCis usuaHy expressed in percentage, but the % sign is often omitted. Although many additives in the paint formulation are nonvolatile, they are often omitted from this calculation, because they represent a smaH fraction of the volume of a newly formed paint film and, in exterior paints, are often water-soluble materials leached out by rainfaH, and therefore wHl probably not factor into the long-term performance of the paint film. 

Plant-fiber identification is described in TAPPI T8 and TIO. In order to identify synthetic fibers, it usually is necessary to conduct solubihty and physical properties tests in addition to light microscopy observations. Systematic sampling is required to obtain quantitative information on sample composition. Because different types of pulps contain varying numbers of fibers per unit weight, it is necessary to multiply the total number of each kind of fiber by a relative weight factor, thereby the weight percentage that each fiber type contributes to the sample can be deterrnined. 

Many factors affect the mechanisms and kinetics of sorption and transport processes. For instance, differences in the chemical stmcture and properties, ie, ionizahility, solubiUty in water, vapor pressure, and polarity, between pesticides affect their behavior in the environment through effects on sorption and transport processes. Differences in soil properties, ie, pH and percentage of organic carbon and clay contents, and soil conditions, ie, moisture content and landscape position climatic conditions, ie, temperature, precipitation, and radiation and cultural practices, ie, crop and tillage, can all modify the behavior of the pesticide in soils. Persistence of a pesticide in soil is a consequence of a complex interaction of processes. Because the persistence of a pesticide can govern its availabiUty and efficacy for pest control, as weU as its potential for adverse environmental impacts, knowledge of the basic processes is necessary if the benefits of the pesticide ate to be maximized. 

Raw Material Proportions. The three main considerations in proportioning raw materials for cement clinker are the potential compound composition the percentage of Hquid phase at clinkering temperatures and the bumabiUty of the raw mix, ie, the relative ease, in terms of temperature, time, and fuel requirements, of combining the oxides into good quaUty clinker. The ratios of the oxides are related to clinker composition and bumabiUty. For example, as the CaO content of the mix is increased, more C S can be formed, but certain limits cannot be exceeded under normal burning conditions. The lime saturation factor (LSF) is a measure of the amount of CaO that can be combined (20) ... 

Category Eactor Estimates. Various capital categories can be related to total equipment costs by factors, reported as percentages of equipment cost. Both purchased equipment costs, including pumps, tanks (qv), and instmments and deHvered equipment costs, excluding instmments, but including some off-sites, have been used in this approach (1,2). 

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