Factorial test plans

A 2 factorial design is the simplest complete test plan for investigating the influence of n variables on the test result. 

Variable independent quantity of arbitrary magnitude, assumed to have an influence on the test result 

Levels settings of the parameters, e.g., temperature as reaction parameter 30 and 

A factorial design with three variables and two levels would lead to a test plan with eight experiments (Table 13-7). In a three-dimensional depiction, these eight tests occupy the comers of a cube (Fig. 13-10). 

Factorial designs should be preferentially used when  

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After the preceding considerations have been taken into account, a test plan is developed to best meet the goals of the program. This might involve one of the standard plans developed by statisticians. Such plans are described in various texts (Table 1) and are considered only briefly here. Sometimes, combinations of plans are encountered, such as a factorial experiment conducted in blocks or a central composite design using a fractional factorial base. 

Independent variables thought to have a significant eflfect on color and gloss were selected based upon past research and molding experience. A 1/8 firactional factorial experimental plan was used to test the effects of seven independent variables upon the five dependent variables listed below. The experimental plan was developed and analyzed using Statistica software." ... 

Parametric tests (t-test, F-test) are not really adequate for answering the sort of question mentioned above, since they require a standard distribution of the population and can only compare 2 components with each other at any one time. A better solution is offered above all by variance analyses or factorial experiment planning and evaluation. 

Memory tests cannot be specified to test each part 100% as a RAM can contain any one of 2 different data patterns and can be addressed in N factorial (N ) address sequences without using the same address twice. Test times shown may be extremely long for some high-density memory devices a GALPAT test for a 4 M DRAM would take 106 days to execute. It is easy to see how impractical it is to overspecify device testing. Any test plan should be developed along with the suppher of the memory devices you are to purchase. 

A reduction in the number of necessary test mns, also with the possibility of a larger number of factors (e.g., 11 [30]), can be achieved with fractional factorial experimental plans (fractional factorial designs), which are derived from full... 

Ease of installation and commissioning is another reason for gas turbine use. A gas turbine unit can be tested and packaged at the factory. Use of a unit should be carefully planned so as to cause as few start cycles as possible. Frequent startups and shutdowns at commissioning greatly reduce the life of a unit. 

A fractional factorial design is often suggested to observe several parameters at the same time. Advantages are, among others, the formal sampling plan, which is easy to evaluate by supervisors and auditors. Moreover, a fractional design only needs a fraction (usually about 50%) of experiments compared to a design that tests the relevant parameters one by one. 

Precision studies can be planned in a full factorial matrix-type format involving multiple analysts, days, capillaries, buffer preparations, instruments, etc. Table 9 displays an example matrix for intermediate precision testing involving two analysts, two instruments, and two capillaries over a multiple day period. Typically, qualification targets for acceptable precision will be pre-defined based on method type, capability, and intent. Acceptable targets can also be mathematically determined by the method of Horwitz. ... 

In an empirical study Vereecke and Van Dierdonck (2002) tested Fer-dow s model and found it to be valid with two exceptions it appears to be too limited in the criteria for adding plants to an existing network and lead factories were also added based on market proximity. In another study Maritan et al. (2004) used autonomy over planning, production and control decisions to validate Ferdow s model but found only weak correlations with planning decisions showing the strongest correlation. 

The scheme is a full factorial plan. Other factors have been tested in orientation experimentation cubes of 2 and 8 cm side, medium moisture content (11 and 21 %... 

Burner tests are complex, time-consuming, and expensive experiments. In the case of this category of experiments, one should always put a strong emphasis on the planning supported by statistical methods. Should the examined value be influenced by a low number of factors (< 3) and should the dependence between the values be known as linear, it is sufficient to use the so called factorial plan [29] for fhis fype of experiment, or a fractional factorial plan [29]. Nevertheless, most experiments are supposed to have a response variable without linear dependence on some of the factors, and it... 

Before the equipment is delivered to the site it will normally undergo the type and routine tests in the factory. These tests are often referred to as the factory acceptance tests (FAT). Some documents are required before the FAT and others afterwards. Those required before are usually the inspection reports as part of the quality assurance plan, instruction manuals for transportation, storage, installation and commissioning routine maintenance. 

All sources, even if few and not always reliable, indicate that Ekman had at his disposal a laboratory in which he spent all his time [ i vilket han alltid vistades ], and in which he carried out laboratory-like work. Preserved plans of the plant show a comparatively large building named the laboratory. But the word laboratory is often put within quotation marks and referred to a small production plant with the main purpose to produce sulphuric acid. Only in one small part of the laboratory did Ekman start a series of laboratory experiments [ en serie laboratorieforsdk ]. There he used devices from other factories, for example a test boiler from Fry s, later replaced... 

The system validation documentation includes but is not limited to Quality Assurance Plan (QAP), Operation and Maintenance Manual (O M), and Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) reports. A properly developed QAP and its supporting documentation help to reduce cost, boost product quality, ensure regulatory compliance and increase profitability. The FAT validation is the first verification step of the customer s validation process, which may include design qualification (DQ), installation qualification (IQ), operational qualification (OQ), and performance qualification (PQ). 

Morals L.C., Curvelo A.A.S., Zambon M.D., Thermoplastic starch-lignosulfonate blends. 1. Factorial planning as a tool for elucidating new data from high performance size-exclusion chromatography and mechanical tests, Carbohydr. Polym., 62,2005, 104-112. 

A loss prevention and control service organization maintained for the policyholders of three major industrial and commercial property insurance companies Allendale Insurance, Arkwright, and Protection Mutual Insurance. Factory Mutual provides loss control engineering, loss adjustment, insurance appraisals, building plan review, research, and education services. Fire and loss prevention equipment that has passed specific FM testing standards are considered acceptable for fire protection service and are provided with an FM listing or label. 

Close liaison between Porton s scientists and expert networks elsewhere in Britain and overseas, essential in maintaining a first-class research facility, was to be assured through the Chemical Warfare Committee, which was broadly representative of the wider scientific, military, and business community. To ensure the coordinated production of toxic agents, including those for testing purposes at Porton, the committee recommended the creation of a state-controlled factory for chemical warfare products at Sutton Oak, near St Helens in Lancashire, which later became the Chemical Defence Research Establishment. A representative of Porton liaised with members of the committee about planned field trials. It was this coordinated approach to chemical warfare through an external body of experts and stakeholders that other nations, the United States and Canada especially, began to emulate. 

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