Extension resistance

The most important dough property in biscuit doughs is extensibility. Resistance is undesirable. The only type of flour that can not be used to... 

Currently there are few insecticides registered as surface treatments to control stored-product insects. For years the organophosphate insecticide malathion was used as a surface treatment for structural facilities, but stored-product insects throughout the world have developed extensive resistance to malathion (Subramanyam and Hagstrum, 1996). Most of the resistance reports were generated from studies with bulk grains, but in the United States, resistance has been documented for field populations of the red flour beetle, T. castaneum (Herbst), and the confused flour beetle, T. confusum (DuVal), collected from flour mills (Arthur and Zettler, 1991, 1992 Zettler, 1991). Populations of the Indianmeal moth, the almond moth, and the red flour beetle collected from bulk peanuts and empty warehouses were also highly resistant to malathion (Arthur et al., 1988 Halliday et al., 1988). 

Artemisinin (quinghaosu) (3,12-peroxyC60 ] C50L ( C6 ) from Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) is of major importance as an antimalarial because of extensive resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarials such as chloroquine. Artemisinin in has a 3,12-peroxy (-0—0—) substituent spanning the C60 ring. Artemisinin alkylates and inhibits glutathione S-transferase. 

Judy, R. W., Jr. and Goode, R. J., Fracture Extension Resistance (R-Curve) Characteristics for Three High-Strength Steels, Fracture Toughness Evaluation by R-Curve Methods, ASTM Special Technical Publication 527, American Society for Testing and Materials, (1973) 48-61. 

As the molecular target site of Qol fungicides was known quite early, this fimgicide group is one of the rare examples which allowed extensive resistance risk assessments well before and during the market laimch of the first representatives. 

Fiber Type Boron (3 h at 2750X) % YM GPa TS GPa Extension % Resistivity cm... 

Fig. 15.29. Extensograms of a normal (I) and weak dough (II). For quality assessment the following parameters are determined resistance to extension, height of the curve at its peak (B-C) given in extensogram units (EU) extensibility, abscissa length between A-C in mm extension area (A-B-C-A, cm ) is related to energy input required to reach the maximum resistance extensogram number (overall dough quality) is the ratio of extension resistance to extensibility...

Fracture toughness (plane strain) K c The crack extension resistance under conditions of crack tip plane strain. 

C (Mond process). The silver-white metal is ccp. The metal is not tarnished by air but is attacked by acids (except cone. HNO3). It is resistant to Fj. It is used extensively in alloys, particularly in steels and cast iron and as a coinage metal. Used in glass (green) in catalysts (particularly for hydrogenation). Western world production 1981 662 000 tonnes. 

There are several different fomis of work, all ultimately reducible to the basic definition of the infinitesimal work Dn =/d/ where /is the force acting to produce movement along the distance d/. Strictly speaking, both/ and d/ are vectors, so Dn is positive when the extension d/ of the system is in the same direction as the applied force if they are in opposite directions Dn is negative. Moreover, this definition assumes (as do all the equations that follow in this section) that there is a substantially equal and opposite force resisting the movement. Otiierwise the actual work done on the system or by the system on the surroundings will be less or even zero. As will be shown later, the maximum work is obtained when tlie process is essentially reversible . 

Nickel is a moderately lustrous, silvery metal, and is extensively used in alloys (for example coinage, stainless steel) and for plating where a durable resistant surface is required. It is also used as an industrial catalyst, for example in the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds. It is attacked by dilute aqueous acids but not by alkalis it combines readily with many non-metals on heating. 

The flask (150, 250 or 500 ml.) is provided vdth a cylindrical extension at the bottom forming a boiling tube the latter is heated electrically and the heat input is controlled by a resistance or variable transformer. 

It is extensively used for making stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys such as Invar(R), Monel(R), Inconel(R), and the Hastelloys(R). Tubing made of copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water. 

Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. These properties make selenium useful in the production of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells. Selenium is also able to convert a.c. electricity to d.c., and is extensively used in rectifiers. Below its melting point selenium is a p-type semiconductor and is finding many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. 

Rare-earth compounds containing lanthanum are extensively used in carbon lighting applications, especially by the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projection. This application consumes about 25 percent of the rare-earth compounds produced. La203 improves the alkali resistance of glass, and is used in making special optical glasses. Small amounts of lanthanum, as an additive, can be used to produce nodular cast iron. 

The metal is extensively used in jewelry, wire, and vessels for laboratory use, and in many valuable instruments including therocouple elements. It is also used for electrical contacts, corrosion-resistant apparatus, and in dentistry. 

An extensive new Section 10 is devoted to polymers, rubbers, fats, oils, and waxes. A discussion of polymers and rubbers is followed by the formulas and key properties of plastic materials. Eor each member and type of the plastic families there is a tabulation of their physical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties and characteristics. A similar treatment is accorded the various types of rubber materials. Chemical resistance and gas permeability constants are also given for rubbers and plastics. The section concludes with various constants of fats, oils, and waxes. 

Since the original proof of concept, and a later demonstration of its practical use in semiconductor manufacturing (40), appHcations and extensions of this concept have proliferated. In the following sections these systems are described in greater detail with emphasis on the resist formulation at a components level (41). 

The discovery (92) that the graphite coating of molecular sieves can dramatically improve their attrition resistance without significantly impairing adsorption performance should allow the extension of moving-bed technology to bulk gas separations (93). 

Spandex fibers are available as fine as 1.1 tex (10 den), and the finest extmded latex thread available is about 16 tex (140 den). The availabihty of spandex fibers in such fine sizes and their unique properties compared to mbber, eg, dyeabiUty, high modulus, abrasion resistance, and whiteness, has allowed extensive penetration into hosiery and sportswear markets. 

---