Glutathione inhibition

Fishman, C.W., Udey, M.C., Kurtz, M. and Wedner, J.J. (1981). Inhibition of lectin-induced lymphocyte activation by 2-cyclohexen-l-one decreased intracellular glutathione inhibits an early event in the activation sequence. J. Immunol. 127, 2257-2262. 

Similar to peroxynitrite, ONOOCOO- reacts with many biomolecules such as uric acid [110], oxyhemoglobin [133], melatonin [135], NADH, ubiquinol Q0, and glutathione [141], Reactions of ONOOCOO with substrates in mitochondrial matrix is accompanied by protein nitration [141]. The reaction of ONOOCOO- with GSH was so rapid that glutathione inhibited tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite in the presence of C02 [142], The formation of ONOOCOO- increased the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine and decreased the formation of 3-hydroxytyrosine probably due to the enhanced selectivity of C03 - compared to hydroxyl radicals [143],... 

The first nSMases of mammalian origin were characterized by Gatt [42] and by Rao and Spence [43]. Liu et al. [44] purified by 3030-fold a Mg -dependent, nSMase activity (ca. 60 kDa) from rat brain membranes. Enzyme activity was highly dependent on phosphatidylserine, and it was 95% inhibited by 3 mM glutathione [45]. Glutathione inhibition suggested fhat nSMase was activated by stress [46]. More recenfly, Bernardo et al. [47] have purified by 23 330-fold a Mg -dependent nSMase from bovine brain fhat was inhibited by glutathione. The en-... 

Reddy, C.C., Scholz, R.W., Thomas, C.E. and Massaro, E.J. (1982) Vitamin E dependent reduced glutathione inhibition of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation. Life Sci. 31 571-576. 

Watson RWG, Rotstein OD, Jimenez M, Parodo J, Marshall JC Augmented intracellular glutathione inhibits Fas-triggered apoptosis of activated human neutrophils. Blood 1997 89 4175-4181. 

HNE is a 4-hydroxy-2-alkenal (Fig. 5) that is a product of arachidonic and linoleic acid and better represents the mixture of fatty acids in lipoproteins than do some other oxidation products. HNE is cytotoxic to cells and causes the rapid depletion of glutathione, inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis and, at high levels, inhibition of many metabolic processes leading to rapid cell death (E4). HNE is a specific product that has been measured by GC/MS and HPLC (E4). HPLC methods may be more accessible to clinical laboratories than GC/MS and have been used both for measuring levels of HNE and HNE protein adducts (U2), but generally they have been measured only in lipoprotein extracts or tissue and not in whole plasma or serum. 

Augmentation of the GST activity and biosynthesis of cellular reduced glutathione Inhibition of the formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in malignant cells Inhibition of neoplastic transformation and angiogenesis Onion Potentiation of cellular antioxidant capacity through up-regulation of y-... 

DNIC with Glutathione Inhibits the Development of Experimental Endometriosis in Rats... 

Finally, recent reports (96,97) that reduced glutathione inhibits oral carcinogenesis in Syrian hamsters and that glutathione potentiates the action of other antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, B-carotene, and a-tocopherol reinforce the cited findings of beneficial action of sulfur amino acids. 

Radomski, M.W., Rees, D.D., Dutra, A., Moncada, S., 1992. 5-nitroso-glutathione inhibits platelet activation in vitro and in vivo. British Journal of Pharmacology 107, 745-749. 

Ortwerth, B. J., and Olesen, P. R., 1988b, Glutathione inhibits the glycation and crosslinking of lens proteins by ascorbic acid, Exp. Eye Res. 47 737-750. 

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