Spark generator

Fan, spark-resistant A fan designed to reduce the risk of spark generation from stationary or moving parts. 

In initiating PETN by sparks generated by a condenser discharge, Romanov Sten gach (Ref 14) found that discharge energies for 50% expln increased with increasing PETN particle size. Similar effects are reported for several other expls (see Vol 5, E43)... 

A spark generates many radical species in the spark gap, and these can propagate radicals throughout the vessel. A platinum surface catalyzes the reaction (H2 and O2 readily dissociate on a R catalyst surface to begin the reaction), and the surface reaction then heats the R to a high temperature, where homogeneous reaction begins rapidly. 

A small quantity of sample is vaporised as an aerosol when submitted to sparks generated under argon or helium between 20 and 50 keV. The high current density under an inert atmosphere creates an atomic gas that can be excited by collisions in the plasma. Spark-induced optical emission leads to ionic line spectra. 

Depleted U (DU) has been used as a pyrophoric spark generator for spotting rifle projectiles (Ref 16) by adding 50 wt % of 20—60 mesh DU particles to mixts of KC104, Ba(N03)2, or NH4NO3 and Al Mg alloy. Kinetic Energy-Penetrators were developed for the US Air Force rapid fire gun (GAU 8/A) from DU alloyed with 0.75% Ti (Ref 26). It was found that such... 

Furthermore, the geometry must be such that two electrodes can be placed at a distance that allows a spark generation in the available pressure range inside the chamber to ignite the plasma [14],... 

Fig. 6.21 (a) A piezoelectric spark generator, (b) A piezoceramic cylinder under axial... 

Sparks from Striking Objects. Sparks can be produced by metal-to-metal or metal-to-rock impact. Even spark resistant tools are not immune to spark generation. 

Thermite Sparks. The spark generation capability from striking of surfaces involving aluminum particles and iron oxide, because of the highly exothermic character of the FepCL + A1 = Fe + AlpO reaction, is substantial. 

Sparks generated at break or unintentional short-circuiting of an intrinsically safe circuit are not perilous. Confusions with non-intrinsically safe circuits which do not have this characteristic shall be strictly excluded. Therefore, intrinsically safe circuits shall be marked as such. 

Calculate the spark energy (ESD test) for a spark generated under the following conditions C = 0.005 pF, V = 10000 V... 

Koh XY, Srinivasan B, Ching FIS, Levchenko A. A 3D Monte Carlo analysis of the role of dyadic space geometry in spark generation. Biophys. J. 2006 90 1999-2014. 

The final type of drawing tablet in use today is the acoustic type. It works slightly differently than the other two models. The stylus or puck has a small spark generator inside it. There are also banks of small microphones on the X- and y-axes. When the user presses a button on the stylus, it activates the spark. The sound of the spark is picked up on the x and y microphones and the coordinates are translated into a and y values for the computer. 

A most efficient spark generator is the rather ancient model spark coil. This unit, originally used in the ignition system of that venerable vehicle, made use of a vibrating tongue to... 

Micro electrical discharge machining (EDM) is primarily used for hard metals and other electrically conductive materials. When two electrodes separated by a dielectric medium come close, the dielectrical medium breaks down and suddenly becomes conductive. Sparks generated between the electrodes release energy and remove metal by melting and evaporation [30], Murali and Yeo combined micro electro-discharge machining with ultrasound electrode vibration for improved surface quality, and achieved micro features as small as 25 pm on titanium with 20 pm diameter electrodes [30]. 

Narrow-necked polythene bottles (50 or 100-mL), piezoelectric spark generator, sparking plug attached to base plate, gas inlet tubes, 1-L beaker, dropping pipette, measuring cylinder, safety glasses, protective gloves. 

Fig. 96. Ci rcuitry in spark generator for optical emission spectrometry (A) and types of spark discharges (B), a oscillating spark, b critically damped spark and c over-critically damped spark.

Figure 16.17 Simultaneous recordings of Ca + sparks and spontaneous transient outward Kcal-1 (BK) channel currents (STOCs). Each spark generates a single STOC. A. Original sequence of two-dimensional confocal images obtained every...

SPILL CLEAN-UP may be diluted in some unreactive organic solvent, such as phtha-late ester spilled material may also be mixed with water-wetted vermiculite, swept up, and placed in a plastic container for immediate disposal spark-generating metals or cellulosic materials (wood, paper, etc.) should not be used for sweeping up spilled material. 

B.J. and K.L. Kosanke, Pyrotechnic Spark Generation , 3" International Symposium on Fireworks, 1996. 

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