Experimental explosives perchlorates

Nitrates are necessary for most explosives. As noted, the sodium nitrate exported by Chile during World War I was insufficient to meet the wartime nitrate need. Therefore, nitrogen fixation efforts occurred, as well as experimentation with perchlorates, in addition to the extraction of toluol. 

A feature of Bradyt F was the introduction of potassium perchlorate which increased the safety of the explosive by virtue of the potassium chloride formed on explosive decomposition. This proved effective in the experimental gallery. However, after being in use for many years, explosives of this type were withdrawn because of their comparatively high power (lead block expansion ca. 280 cm3) which was considered much too high for coal working, when more stringent regulations were introduced. 

According to this experimental result, ammonium perchlorate is a rather dangerous oxidizer. However, composite propellant containing ammonium perchlorate, does not propagate an explosion. After treatment, ammonium perchlorate may be safer to handle. Fig.3.96 shows the curves of the net swing length of mixture of potassium nitrate and various combustible substances. The order of the sensitivity of the mixtures of the combustible substances and potassium nitrate is (red phosphorus) > aluminium... 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Experimental reproductive effects. A severe eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. A chemosterilant for rodents. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. Reaction with perchloric acid forms a sensitive explosive product more powerful than glyceryl nitrate. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl". 

SAFETY PROFILE A poison by subcutaneous route. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Catalyzes the potentially explosive polymerization of ethylene oxide. Explosive reaction when heated with guanidinium perchlorate. Reaction with carbon monoxide may form an explosive product. Potentially violent reaction with hydrogen peroxide. 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intravenous route. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic data. Mixtures with oxidants (e.g., potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium perchlorate) may be explosion hazards. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion developmental abnormalities of the endocrine system. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. Explosive reaction with charcoal + ozone, trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorine perchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition on contact with diazonium salts, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible with oxidants, BrFs, FCIO, metallic salts, calomel. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of K20 and I . See also IODIDES. 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. An experimental teratogen. A severe skin and eye irritant. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. To fight fire, use water, foam, fog, CO2. Violent explosive reaction on contact with magnesium perchlorate or trimethyl platinum(IV) azide tetramer. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx. An intermediate in the production of pesticides, fire retardants, and organic phosphorus additives. See also ESTERS. 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Human reproducdve effects by intraplacental route fertility effects. Experimental reproducdve effects. Human mutadon data reported. A human skin irritant. Quesdonable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplasdgenic data. Reacts with sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite to form the explosive nitrogen trichloride. Incompadble with NaN02, P2CI5, nitrosyl perchlorate. Preparadon of the N-labeled urea is hazardous. When heated to decomposidon it emits toxic fumes of NOx. 

Experimental work on the preparation of low toxicity primary explosives from the group of cobalt perchlorate complexes has been reported from Russia [26, 30]. The ligand chosen for the complex was corazol —1,5-cyclopentamethylenetetrazole ... 

There are several different types of nonideal behavior including that exhibited by inert metal loaded explosives,by mixtures of explosives and ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium perchlorate, by mixtures of nonexplosive fuel and ammonium salts, and probably by other types not yet identified. To evaluate the performance of nonideal explosives, much more experimental data are required than for conventional high explosives. 

Many different explosives were tested. Attanpts were made to produce explosives in World War I that would also produce toxic gases or fumes. Other explosives that used cheap and plentiful raw materials were also in demand. Finally, many of the fuses or detonators in shells malfunctioned, and explosives were sought for use that would more surely detonate on impact bnt not detonate npon handling or firing. Lyconite, various chlorates and perchlorates, azides of lead, strontium and thallium, and hydrazine nitfate were tested. Much of this work occurred at the AUES, but many of these private companies also had laboratories where this experimentation took place. 

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