Exercise of due care

An intervening act by a third person (even if negligent) relieves the original negligent actor from liability only if the subsequent actor s act could not have been anticipated by the first actor in the exercise of due care ... 

A second type of liability includes strict liability. It is known as liability without fault and relates to situations where one is held responsible for the consequences of his or her actions or omissions, regardless of fault or exercise of due care. Strict liability was first applied in cases involving abnormally dangerous activities such as blasting, but it has achieved significantly broader application in the law of products liability and workers compensation. 

Act of God An act occasioned by an unanticipated grave natural disaster or other natural phenomenon of exceptional, inevitable, and irresistible character, the effects of which could not have been prevented or avoided by the exercise of due care or foresight. 

Society s ultimate goal is to encourage that combination of care that minimizes total social cost in the final column of table 8.1. The lowest-cost combination will depend on the values taken by P and T. Table 8.2 shows the levels of due care that should be taken by the railroad and the highway user for different values of the levels of daily traffic, and the proportion of times that the highway user would have to slow down to exercise a higher level of care. 

Caution Crown ethers may be toxic. Due care should be exercised in the preparation and handling of l8-croum-6. An explosion has been reported... 

As is stated in the standard, all characteristics are important and need to be controlled. However, some need special attention as excessive variation may affect product safety, compliance with government regulations, fit, form, function, appearance, or the quality of subsequent operations. Designating such characteristics with special symbols alerts planners and operators to take particular care. It also alerts those responsible for dispo-sitioning nonconforming product to exercise due care when reaching their decisions. 

So far, no systematic work has been done on the use of recyclable, solid-phase catalysts in cross-coupling reactions. Most of the examples have been obtained for cross-couplings with either arylboronic acids or terminal acetylenes. It should be noted, however, that due care should be exercised when interpreting results on the cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl iodides, as this extremely facile reaction can be catalyzed by practically any palladium-containing material, including trivial Pd black,481 e.g., as a sediment on the reaction vessel. Therefore, this reaction cannot serve as a reliable test for comparison between different catalytic systems. 

A useful fingerprint of an active TS-1 catalyst is the particle size of the titanosilicate (<0.4 pm). Although the particle size influences the catalytic activity of all molecular sieves, it is especially so in the case of TS-1 and due care should be exercised in comparing samples varying in particle size (89,90). 

This material may be further purified (m.p. 99.5-100.0°) by recrystallization from pentane or methanol, or by sublimation at 85° (60 mm.). Owing to the unusually high vapor pressure of this product, large losses may be encountered on recrystallization or sublimation unless due care is exercised. 

Microbial sensors offer a number of assets, namely (a) they are less sensitive to inhibition by solutes and more tolerant to suboptimal pH and temperature values than are enzyme electrodes b) they have longer lifetimes than enzymes and (c) they are less expensive than enzyme electrodes as they require no active enzyme to be isolated. On the other hand, they lag behind enzyme electrodes in a few other respects thus, (a) some have longer response times than their enzyme counterparts b) baseline restoration after measurement typically takes longer and (c) cells contain many enzymes and due care must be exercised to ensure adequate selectivity e.g. by optimizing the storage conditions or using specific enzyme reactions) —some mutant microorganisms lack certain enzymes. 

Aside from the explosive hazard of A-nitrosamides, it also has been observed that many A-nitroso compounds have a serious physiological effect on mucous membranes and on the skin. Apparently, this corrosive action is not observed in the case of A,A -dinitroso-A,A -dimethyloxalamide [37a, b]. Even so, considering that some A-nitroso compounds are reputed to be carcinogenic, due care should be exercised in the handling of all nitroso compounds. 

Optometrists are expected to display that degree of skill and learning that is commonly possessed by members of the profession who are in good standing and to exercise what is referred to as due care. This obligation has broad implications whenever optometrists use ophthalmic drugs, because the standard of care requires that optometrists... 

Removal of buildings and structures is often done by a company specializing in such activities. Demolition should be accomplished using standard construction equipment wherever possible, exercising due care not to endanger life or property. After demolition, all debris must be removed from the area, including concrete, concrete block, timber, metal scrap, and so on. All foundations must be removed to a depth below the soil horizon as specified in the reclamation plan, usually 2 to 3 feet (0.6 to 1.0 meters). After removal of structures, the surface should be graded and backfilled as specified in the reclamation plan. 

The principles set out here apply to all the nuclei above and, with due care exercised in interpreting the origin of the temperature dependence in a given case, a bounty of detailed information about a molecule is available. It will not be the purpose of this survey to include a summary of N.M.R. studies of the molecular crystals of organic compounds (Andrew, 1955). The information available from these studies relates to molecular motion and crystal structures. 

Caution. This is a highly exothermic addition, and due care must be exercised to prevent addition of the diethyl ether too quickly. Diethyl ether is toxic and very flammable. The addition must be performed in a well-ventilated fume hood. 

The example therefore shows that heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity has significant consequences on concentration measurements in multilevel and full-screened sampling wells the measured concentrations depend on the position of the screen, the pumping rate and the duration of pumping. Consequently, due care must be exercised in the interpretation and evaluation of measured concentrations obtained in the traditional way. 

The palladium-copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of acetylenic systems with aryl halide has been used successfully to homopolymerize p-bromoethynylbenzene (eq 4) [8]. The poly-p-ethynylbenzene was isolated as a white pol3nmer of relatively low molecular weight. The coupling of acetylenic reagents with aryl halides has been noted to lead to explosions and therefore due care should be exercised. 

The effects of solubilized additives on the micellar properties of nonaqueous surfactant systems vary according to the structures of Ae components. Such changes, however, are often greater than those found in aqueous solutions, so that due care must be exercised in evaluating the effects of even small additions on the aggregation characteristics of surfactants in nonaqueous solvents. 

Handling, Storage, and Precautions use in a fume hood best results are obtained with high-purity copper (I) salts, dry, O2-free solvents, and alkyllithium solutions free of contaminating alkoxides or hydroxides n-BuLi is pyrophoric, and due care must be exercised in its handling the reagent has greater stability in THF than in ether thermal decomposition is minimal at or below —25 °C but is substantial at 0 °C. ... 

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