Influence on particle size

In contrast to the results described so far, the temperature has little influence on particle size distribution. The increase in the velocity of the reaction which takes place as the temperature is raised (Figure 4, top) does not influence the position of the maximum at all. The peaks, however, become more pronounced indicating that more uniform crystals are formed (Figure 4, bottom). Thus, an increase in the alkali concentration of the liquid phase or in the Carman surface of the Si02 source raises both the speed of the reaction and the amount of fine particles in the crystalline product. Conversely the addition of even small amounts of K+ ions re-... 

The fact that the population balance is clearly able to determine the influences on particle size distribution is shown, for example, by the effects produced by the fines dissolution and the classification of product during withdrawal. 

The hydrogenolysis temperature of nitrates has influence on particle size of ruthenium.The ruthenium particle sizes of Ru-M (M=K, Cs, Ba)/TC with different nitrate as promoter, measured after the hydrogenolysis reaction at temperatures in range of 430°C-550°C are shown in Fig. 6.13. The results show that promoters covered on the surface of ruthenium or interface between ruthenium and support. Therefore, the particle size of ruthenium in catalysts with single promoter is obviously bigger than the one (Ru/C) without promoter. 

The viscosity ratio between LCP and PP was shown to have a great influence on particle size of the dispersed LCP domains evidenced by the microscopy. Because the average particle sizes were difficult to measure accurately from the micrographs, they were calculated for the LCPl/PP blends according to Wu s theory as reported in Table 4. The estimated particle sizes were compared with the theoretical calculated ones. 

Other variables in the factorial experiment also have an impact on the character of the final product. The amount of nonsolvent is a very important variable to examine as the pore size of the gel depends on the amount of it present in the formulation. The stabilizer acts as a suspending agent and influences the particle size of the GPC/SEC gel. Lower viscosity suspending agents... 

Regardless of any theory, there is firm exptl proof that the particle size of a granular expl affects its steady detonation properties as well as its initiation behavior. In particular, the detonation velocity as well as the critical diameters of many granular expls depend on their particle size. The shock sensitivity of granular expls is also influenced by particle size. These effects will now be described Steady Detonation. 

For the more sensitive expls like PETN, the influence of particle size effects on D are much less pronounced that for TNT (unpublished work by the writer and Ref 2)... 

Hulbert [77] points out that, in general, attempts to include an allowance for the influence of particle size variations in the reactant mixtures on kinetic analyses using the above equations have been unsatisfactory because some of the parameters are not readily defined. Kapur [42], working with powders of known crystal size distribution, indicated that the overall extent of reaction can be estimated by a summation of the individual contributions from each size fraction and thus the best kinetic fit determined. 

INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON KINETIC CHARACTERISTICS... 

With the following example, we illustrate how in a sequence of activities the students intuitive notions about the influence of particle size and the sintering temperature of the clay on the properties of ceramic materials have productively been used (Klaassen Lijnse, 1996 Mortimer Scott, 2003 Duit Treagust, 2003 ... 

H. E., and Crommelin, D. J. A., Characterization of liposomes (1987). The influence of extrusion of multilamellar vesicles through polycarbonate membranes on particle size, particle size distribution and number of bilayers, Int. J. Pharm.. 35, 263-274. 

The durability of the catalytic system was investigated by employing it in five successive hydrogenations. Similar TOFs were observed due to the water solubihty of the protective agent which retains nanoparticles in aqueous phase. The comparative TEM studies show that (i) the average particle size was 2.2 0.2 nm (ii) the coimter anion of the surfactant does not allow a major influence on the size and (iii) nanoparticle suspensions have a similar size distribution after catalysis. 

Influence of Particle Size on Reaction Activity and Selectivity... 

Table 8. Influence of Au C ratio on particle size and adsorption time.

INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE ON ELECTROCATAI YTIC ACTIVITIES CASE STUDIES... 

---