Examples including spreadsheet

Figure 7.3 displays a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet containing the formulas and data for an LP transportation problem. This spreadsheet is one of six optimization examples included with Microsoft Excel 97. With a standard installation of Microsoft Office, the Excel workbook containing all six examples is in the file... 

It is often desirable to have one object continually kept up-to-date as another s state changes. Examples include GUI and other fagades. replicated database entries, and cells in a spreadsheet. 

For this class the spreadsheet version should be documented on the printont. The printout is separately reviewed and if GMP or SOP foresees a signamre is placed on the printout. Examples include CSV-Inventories and task lists of open complaints. 

Formal reviews normally require appropriate documentation. For example. Excel spreadsheets or Word templates are available for conducting safety reviews to ensure that a specific process has been used in the analysis and to document the results of the review. The documentation should include the team members, the dates and times of the review, the functional area of each team member, the purpose of the review, the equipment and processes being analyzed, key specifications for the equipment (e.g., maximum flow rate), what codes and standards apply to the review if any, and a discussion of past incidents that may be relevant to what is being reviewed. The review should consider the equipment and materials in the vicinity of what is being reviewed. For example, fuel storage tanks or high voltage electrical equipment in... 

Standard software packages are called canned or COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) configurable packages in the United States. Examples include Lotus 1-2-3 , Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheet packages. There is no requirement to validate the software package however, new versions should be treated with caution. Validation efforts should concentrate on the application, which includes... 

Because the revised Chapter 2, Consequence Analysis, of the CPQRA Guidelines, 2nd Edition represents an important topic in process safety, CCPS decided to publish the material as a separate book. This will make the material on consequence analysis more readily and economically available to a broader audience, which uses incident consequence analysis evaluation tools, but does not use quantitative risk analyses. This book includes all of the material in Chapter 2, Consequence Analysis, of the CPQRA Guidelines, 2nd Edition, re-formatted as a stand alone book. All worked examples and spreadsheet problem solutions are included. All of this material will also be published in the CPQRA Guidelines, 2nd Edition. 

Kyle, B. G. 1999. Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice-Hall PTR. A text describing techniques, applications, and mathematical analysis, with problems and examples. The CD-ROM includes spreadsheets and programs for both numerical analysis and graphics. This edition has a chapter on modeling thermodynamic systems. 

The recent introduction of inexpensive desktop computers has allowed their extensive use throughout many companies. The standard spreadsheet packages which accompany these machines enables the above data to be laid out in an interactive way, so that what if situations can be explored at the planning stage and the implications of, for example, market trends in the food industry, to be examined over the long term for its effect on the plant layout. The model may include a factor to take into account improvements in technology and working practices in both the office and factory. 

To ensure that all aspects of the laboratory s activities are covered over a set period of time, a spreadsheet of activities can be prepared. This shows when each area is due for audit. In order to have a consistent approach, a check-list approach may be adopted. An example of a check-list of aspects which should be examined as part of an internal quality audit is shown in Table 9.5. This can be used as the basis for an audit against any of the Standards already mentioned in this chapter. Not all of the parts will be appropriate for all of the Standards. Table 9.7 expands on what is included in Table 9.5 and can be used to remind auditors and laboratory staff of the things that can affect the quality of a result. 

The following provides cost information (expressed in fourth-quarter 1993 dollars) for retrofitting an existing scrubber system with a condensation scrubber under typical operating conditions, adapted from EPA cost-estimating spreadsheets (EPA, 1996) and referenced to the volumetric flow rate of the waste stream treated. For purposes of calculating the example cost effectiveness, the pollutant is PM at a loading of approximately 7 g/sm3 or 3 gr/scf. The costs do not include costs for post-treatment or disposal of used solvent or waste. 

For examples that use the Excel Solver, see Chapters 7,9, and 10. For a description of the design and use of the Excel Solver, see Fylstra, et al. (1998). An enhanced version of the Excel Solver, which can handle larger problems, is faster, and includes enhanced solvers is available from Frontline Systems—see www.frontsys.com. This website contains a wealth of information on spreadsheet optimization. 

An example of a validation plan, including related information, is given in Figure 18.2. This example is used in all individual sections following it to explain what is needed in the various sections. The example is based on a combination of spreadsheets for calculation of content uniformity by UV analysis developed for a development area. The spreadsheet is developed so that it is flexible and can be used for different products. Furthermore, it checks acceptance criteria set for calibration standards and a system suitability test. 

The training description will include information about purpose, responsibilities, training deliverables, and training records. In some cases it will require generation of a document explaining the use of the spreadsheet. In this document, the function of the spreadsheet, the formulae used, the location of the secure templates, and the file name and path to use to save the completed form should be included. Training has to be documented. Figure 18.8 is an example. 

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