Typical operating conditions

Oxidation Step. A review of mechanistic studies of partial oxidation of propylene has appeared (58). The oxidation process flow sheet (Fig. 2) shows equipment and typical operating conditions. The reactors are of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube type (about 3—5 mlong and 2.5 cm in diameter) with a molten salt coolant on the shell side. The tubes are packed with catalyst, a small amount of inert material at the top serving as a preheater section for the feed gases. Vaporized propylene is mixed with steam and ak and fed to the first-stage reactor. The feed composition is typically 5—7% propylene, 10—30%... 

Table 5 presents typical operating conditions and cell production values for commercial-scale yeast-based SCP processes including (63) Saccharomjces cerevisae ie, primary yeast from molasses Candida utilis ie, Torula yeast, from papermiU. wastes, glucose, or sucrose and Klujveromjces marxianus var fragilis ie, fragihs yeast, from cheese whey or cheese whey permeate. AH of these products have been cleared for food use in the United States by the Food and Dmg Administration (77). 

Table 10. Estimated Typical Operating Conditions and Rates of Commercial Continuous SO Falling Film Sulfonation Processes for Sulfonation of LAB and Lauryl Alcohol-3 Mol Ethoxylate Feedstocks ...

The predominant feeds for reforming are straight-mn naphthas from cmde stills. Naphthas from catalyst crackers and naphthas from code stills are also used. Typical compositions are summarized in Table 5. Typical operating conditions for catalytic reforming are 1.135—3.548 MPa (150—500 psi),... 

Typical Operating Conditions Table 19-26 presents some typical values oF important operating conditions For the separation oF several diFFerent types oF Feed materials. In considering candidate processes For a given separation job, the table can sometimes be help-Fiil in showing that materials oF similar properties and/or economic v ahie can be treated bv electrostatic separation. 

TABLE 19-26 Typical Operating Conditions for Electrostatic Separations... 

Solvent-Refined Coal (SRC) This processing concept was initiated by the Pittsburgh Midway Coal Mining Co. in the early 1960s. The SRC-I process operating mode is designed to produce a solid fuel for utility applications. Typical operating conditions and product yields for SRC-I are shown in Table 27-14. 

For liquid/liquid extraction, data on mass transfer rate of the system at typical operating conditions are required. Also required are an applicable liquid/liquid equilibrium curve and data on chemical reactions occurring after mass transfer in the mixer. 

This column requires you to indicate "Yes or "No" to whether the treatment efficiency estimate is based on actual operating data. For example, you would check Yes if the estimate is based on monitoring of influent and effluent wastes under typical operating conditions. For sequential treatment, do not indicate "Yes" or "No" in column F for a treatment step unless you have provided a treatment estimate in column E. 

The following are typical operating conditions for an ethane cracking unit and the products obtained ... 

Example 3. Hydrolysis in an Extruder.69 PET reactive extrusion experiments were carried out on a 25-mm Berstorff ZE25 corotating twin-screw extruder with a barrel length-to-screw ratio of 28 1. The extruder consisted of six barrel sections equipped for heating, cooling, and controlling the temperature of each section of the extruder. Initially reaction extrusion of PET and water was performed with cold water at room temperature injected into the extruder. Typical operating conditions were reaction temperatures of 230-265° C, extruder speeds... 

Ethylene is currently converted to ethylene oxide with a selectivity of more than 80% under commercial conditions. Typical operating conditions are temperatures in the range 470 to 600 K with total pressures of 1 to 3 Mpa. In order to attain high selectivity to ethylene oxide (>80%), alkali promoters (e.g Rb or Cs) are added to the silver catalyst and ppm levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons (moderators) are added to the gas phase. Recently the addition of Re to the metal and of ppm levels of NOx to the gas phase has been found to further enhance the selectivity to ethylene oxide. 

Typical operating conditions by GC and HPLC are listed in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. Anilides are separated using a weakly polar liquid-phase capillary column, such as SPB-1 or HP-5, which is prepared based on 5% diphenyl-95% dimethylpolysilox-ane for GC. For HPLC, ODS columns are used. 

ESCA core-level spectra for and 0 g were recorded with a Leybold-Heraeus Spectrometer using AIKq excitation radiation. Typical operating conditions for the X-r3y gun were 13 kV and 14 mA and a pressure of 3x10 mbar in the sample chamber. 

Fig. 15-4, except that transport is possible in the dense phase in which the pressure gradient, though quite large, is still usually not as large as for hydraulic transport. The entire curve shifts up and to the right as the solids mass flux increases. A comparison of typical operating conditions for dilute and dense phase pneumatic transport is shown in Table 15-1. 

For larger particles, the nature of interparticle forces is still unresolved. A typical operating condition for most commercial gas solid beds is well beyond the point of minimum bubbling. It might be expected that... 

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