Evasiveness

One of the classical applications of topological methods in combinatorics is the proof of the so-called Evasiveness Conjecture for graphs whose number of vertices is a prime power. In this chapter we describe the framework of the problem, sketch the original argument, and prove some important facts about nonevasiveness. One of the important tools is the so-called closure operators, which are also useful in other contexts. 

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Ausflockung, /. separation in flocks, flocculation. Ausflucht,/. evasion subterfuge flight. Ausflug, m. flight excursion. 

Figure 12-126. Evase duct attachment on fan discharge to improve the regain of static pressure. Fans can be purchased with or without the evase section. (Used by permission Bui. 331, 1992. The New York Blower Co. For more information, contact the company at www.nyb.com.)...

A further evasion measure specifically intended against ballistic-missile defenses is a low trajectory flight pattern for strategic missiles. This reduces the height and therefore the radar visibility of incoming warheads, thus complicating the defense s mission... 

Gale M Jr, Eoy EM (2005) Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus. Nature 436 939-945... 

Evasion of tolerance to self antigens. Hidden or sequestered antigens do exist, for instance spermatozoa and eye-lens tissue. These are confined to anatomical sites which do not have access to lymphoid tissue, and exposure of the above to lymphoid cells as a result of surgery or accident results in the production of the corresponding antibodies. 

Mercury in soil is not only likely to have a different potential for evasion and methylation than Hg in runoff, but soil Hg may be perturbed by land disturbance. Land disturbances that are particularly relevant to Hg cycling include the formation of wetlands and flooding of reservoirs (Rudd 1995 see Chapter 3). Disturbances such as clear-cutting can also result in marked increases in the release of THg and MeHg from soils (Munthe and Hultbeig 2003 Porvari et al. 2003). Fire can result in large Hg losses by volatilization (Grigal 2002). 

Yes, I say, respecting his evasion. This is the right moment, though, to ask him about how he isn t managing, but the words stick in my throat. 

Herve, M., et al. (2003). Pivotal roles of the parasite PGD2 synthase and of the host D prostanoid receptor 1 in schistosome immune evasion. Eur. J. Immunol 33, 2764-72. 

Maizels, R.M., Bundy, D.P., Selkirk, M.E., Smith, D.F. and Anderson, R.M. (1993) Immunological modulation and evasion by helminth parasites in human populations. Nature 365, 797-805. 

Smith, H.V. (1991) Immune evasion and immunopathology in Toxocara canis infection. In Kennedy, M.W. (ed.) Parasitic Nematodes —Antigens, Membranes and Genes. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 116-139. 

Grazing management strategies aim to reduce the contact of hosts to infectious GIN larvae on pasture. They can be divided into three categories (Barger, 1997) the preventive procedure, evasive grazing and dilusive grazing. 

The evasive grazing approach means that susceptible animals will be moved to clean pastures before they can reinfect themselves. Evasive grazing does not restrict contamination of the pasture by worm eggs, but relies on movement of livestock to another pasture just before the larvae resulting from these eggs are likely to appear in significant numbers on the original pasture. 

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