Evans mechanism

H. E. Evans, Mechanisms of Creep Fracture, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, U.K., 1984. 

Bishop, G.R., S. Taylor, L. Jaso-Friedmann and D.L. Evans. Mechanisms of nonspecific cytotoxic cell regulation of apoptosis cytokine-like activity of Fas ligand. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 13 47-67, 2002. 

Fig. 8. Evans mechanism for the diastereoselection observed in the ring closure of 21...

D. C. C. Lam, F. F. Lange and A. G. Evans, Mechanical properties of partially dense alumina produced from powder compacts, / Am. Ceram. Soc., 77(1994)2113-17. 

The Evans mechanism for the Lewis acid-catalysed Michael addition to chiral oxa-zoUdinones and related systems has been challenged rather than chelation, open-chain mono- and bis-coordinated complexes with antiparaUel carbonyls (120) have been proposed, based on the NMR and DFT computational studies. This new mechanism is consistent with the experimental results reported for the conjugate addition of amines to a,j8-unsaturated acylimidazolidinones (119) with aluminium, boron, or zinc Lewis acids. ... 

R.M. McMeeking and A.G. Evans, Mechanics of transformation toughening in brittle materials,... 

Evans D J and Morriss G P 1990 Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Liquids (London Academic)... 

Saunders S R J, Evans FI E and Stringer J A (eds) Workshop on Mechanical Properties of Protective Oxide Scales. Materials at High Temperatures vo 12 (Teddington)... 

Experimental techniques based on the application of mechanical forces to single molecules in small assemblies have been applied to study the binding properties of biomolecules and their response to external mechanical manipulations. Among such techniques are atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical tweezers, biomembrane force probe, and surface force apparatus experiments (Binning et al., 1986 Block and Svoboda, 1994 Evans et ah, 1995 Israelachvili, 1992). These techniques have inspired us and others (see also the chapters by Eichinger et al. and by Hermans et al. in this volume) to adopt a similar approach for the study of biomolecules by means of computer simulations. 

Equations (2.10), (2.18) and (2.24) provide the flux relations in situations where each of the three separate mechanisms of momentum transfer dominates. However, there remains the problem of finding the flux relations in "intermediate" situations where all three mechanisms may be of comparable importance. This has been discussed by Mason and Evans [7], who assumed first that the rates of momentum transfer due to mechanisms (i) and (ii) should be combined additively. If we write equation (2.10) in the form... 

The procedure of Mason and Evans has the electrical analog shown in Figure 2.2, where voltages correspond to pressure gradients and currents to fluxes. As the argument stands there is no real justification for this procedure indeed, it seems improbable that the two mechanisms for diffusive momentum transfer will combine additively, without any interactive modification of their separate values. It is equally difficult to see why the effect of viscous velocity gradients can be accounted for simply by adding... 

D. W. Green and J. W. Evans, "Moisture Content and the Mechanical Properties of Dimension Lumber Decisions for the Euture" ia D. Green and co-eds.. Proceedings no. 47363, In-Grade Testing of StructuralDumber, Madison, Wise., April 25—26, 1988, Eorest Products Society, Madison, Wise., 1989. 

Each mechanism of breakage implies a different functional dependence of breakage rate on material properties. For the case of abrasive wear of ceramics due to surface scratching by loaded indentors, Evans Wilshaw [Acta Metallurgica, 24, 939 (1976)] determined a volumetric wear rate V of... 

Marshall, D.B. and Evans, A.G., Measurement of adherence of residually stressed thin-films by indentation. I. Mechanics of interface delamination. J. Appl. Phys., 56(10), 2632-2638 (1984). 

Fluid mechanical break-up due to turbulent fluid flow has also been inferred in some studies e.g. Evans etal. (1974), with direet evidenee being provided by Powers (1963), Sung etal. (1973) and Jagannathan etal. (1980) respeet-ively. 

A number of authors have developed mechanistic descriptions of the processes causing secondary nucleation in agitated crystallizers (Ottens etal., 1972 Ottens and de Jong, 1973 Bennett etal., 1973 Evans etal., 1974 Garside and Jancic, 1979 Synowiec etal., 1993). The energy and frequency of crystal collisions are determined by the fluid mechanics of the crystallizer and crystal suspension. The numbers of nuclei formed by a given contact and those that proceed to survive can be represented by different functions. 

M. Tammaro, J. W. Evans. Monomer-dimer surface reaction models Influence of the dimer adsorption mechanism. Phys Rev E 52 2310-2317, 1995. 

W. J. Evans. Optimising mechanical properties in alpha + beta titanium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 243 %%, 1998. 

On the other hand, pit initiation which is the necessary precursor to propagation, is less well understood but is probably far more dependent on metallurgical structure. A detailed discussion of pit initiation is beyond the scope of this section. The two most widely accepted models are, however, as follows. Heine, etal. suggest that pit initiation on aluminium alloys occurs when chloride ions penetrate the passive oxide film by diffusion via lattice defects. McBee and Kruger indicate that this mechanism may also be applicable to pit initiation on iron. On the other hand, Evans has suggested that a pit initiates at a point on the surface where the rate of metal dissolution is momentarily high, with the result that more aggressive anions... 

Dezincification of brasses When dezincihcation occurs, regions of the brass become replaced by a porous mass of copper which, though retaining the shape of the original article, has virtually no strength. There has long been discussion as to whether there is selective corrosion of the zinc in the brass, which leaves the copper behind, or whether complete dissolution of the brass occurs, followed by re-deposition of copper. Possibly both processes occur in different circumstances. The mechanism has been investigated and discussed by Evans, Fink", Lucey , Feller" and Heidersbach , and is referred to in many other papers. ... 

Evans, T. E., Mechanisms of Cathodic Protection in Seawater . In Cathodic Protection Theory and Practice, 2nd International Conference, Stratford-upon-Avon, June (1989) Choate, D. L., Kochanezyk, R. W. and Lunden, K. C., Developments in Cathodic Protection Design and Maintenance for Marine Struaures and Pipelines , NACE Conference on Engineering Solutions for Corrosion in Oil and Gas Applications, Milan, Italy, November (1989) not included in Proceedings... 

Any fundamental classification of corrosion control must be based on the electrochemical mechanism of corrosion, and Evans diagrams may be constructed (Fig. 1.27, Section 1.4) illustrating... 

In 1922, Evans and Bishop named the animal nutritional factor essential of reproduction Vitamin E . In the 1960s, vitamin E was associated with antioxidant function. Twenty-five years later, vitamin E has been found to possess functions that are independent of its antioxidant and free radical scavenging ability. a-Tocopherol specific molecular mechanisms were discovered which are still under investigation. 

Samuel S. Butcher, Gordon H. Orians, Robert J. Charlson, and Gordon V. Wolfe. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 1992 Brian Evans and Teng-Fong Wong. Fault Mechanics and Transport Properties of Rocks. 

Evans, D.A. Nelson, S.G. Gagne, M.R. Mud, A.R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993,115,9800. It has been that shown in some cases reduction with metal alkoxides, including aluminum isopropoxide, involves free-radical intermediates (SET mechanism) Screttas, C.G. Cazianis, C.T. Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 933 Nasipuri, D. Gupta, M.D. Baneijee, S. Tetrahedron Lett., 1984, 25, 5551 Ashby, E.C. Argyropoulos, J.N. Tetrahedron Lett.,... 

Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the hypocholesterolemic effect of GA (Annison et al., 1995 Tiss et al., 2001). Some studies have suggested that the viscosity of fermentable dietary fiber contributes substantially to the reduction of lipids in animals and humans (Gallaher et al., 1993 Moundras et al., 1994). However, other studies suggested that this property is not related to plasma lipids (Evans et al., 1992). The mechanism involved is clearly linked to increased bile acid excretion and fecal neutral sterol or a modification of digestion and absorption of lipids (Moundras et al., 1994). 

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