Aluminum isopropoxide

These reversible reactions are cataly2ed by bases or acids, such as 2iac chloride and aluminum isopropoxide, or by anion-exchange resias. Ultrasonic vibrations improve the reaction rate and yield. Reaction of aromatic aldehydes or ketones with nitroparaffins yields either the nitro alcohol or the nitro olefin, depending on the catalyst. Conjugated unsaturated aldehydes or ketones and nitroparaffins (Michael addition) yield nitro-substituted carbonyl compounds rather than nitro alcohols. Condensation with keto esters gives the substituted nitro alcohols (37) keto aldehydes react preferentially at the aldehyde function. 

Aluminum acetylsaHcylate is a tasteless, nonbasic, stable, alternative therapeutic salt to aspirin (83). Also called aluminum aspirin, it is an insoluble white to off-white powder prepared by reaction of aluminum isopropoxide with sodium acetylsaHcylate in an organic solvent. The product precipitates from the reaction mixture (83). Standards requke that aluminum aspirin contain not less than the equivalent of 80% aspirin, corresponding to 90% purity on an anhydrous basis. The aluminum oxide assay must be 12—17% (81). 

Catalytic amounts of mercuric chloride are usually employed in this preparation. Aluminum isopropoxide is a useful Meerwein-Potmdorf-Verley reducing agent in certain ester-exchange reactions and is a precursor for aluminum glycinate, a buffering agent (see Alkoxides, metal). 

DOT 17E phenolic-lined steel pails and dmms, respectively. Plain steel is not suitable for isopropyl alcohol containing water because msting can result. Instead, baked phenolic-lined steel tanks are used. Aluminum is also unsuitable. It is attacked by isopropyl alcohol, especially the anhydrous grade, resulting ia the formation of aluminum isopropoxide. Containers must comply with DOT specifications. Tanks, piping, and equipment can be made of similar material. 

Fig. 8. Gelation behavior of alumina sols prepared from hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide at ( ) 90°C and (-) room temperature (49).

AH (A)-menthol is made by synthetic methods. One method involves the cyclization of (+)-citroneIlal (68). Using a mild acid catalyst, (+)-citroneIlal [2385-77-5] undergoes an ene-reaction to produce a mixture of isopulegols (142). Catalytic hydrogenation of the isopulegol mixture gives a mixture of menthol and its isomers. The (A)-menthol is obtained after efficient fractional distillation and the remaining isomers can be equilibrated, usually with sodium menthol ate or aluminum isopropoxide. An equilibrium mixture is obtained, comprised of 62 wt % (A)-menthol, 23 wt % (+)-neomenthol, 12 wt % (+)-isomenthol, and 3 wt % (+)-neoisomenthol. The equilibrium mixture can be distilled to recover additional (+)-mentbol. 

When heated in the presence of a carboxyHc acid, cinnamyl alcohol is converted to the corresponding ester. Oxidation to cinnamaldehyde is readily accompHshed under Oppenauer conditions with furfural as a hydrogen acceptor in the presence of aluminum isopropoxide (44). Cinnamic acid is produced directly with strong oxidants such as chromic acid and nickel peroxide. The use of t-butyl hydroperoxide with vanadium pentoxide catalysis offers a selective method for epoxidation of the olefinic double bond of cinnamyl alcohol (45). 

Cyclodecanediol has been prepared by the hydrogenation of sebacoin in the presence of Raney nickel or platinum, by the reduction of sebacoin with aluminum isopropoxide or lithium aluminum hydride, and by the oxidation of cyclodecene with osmium tetroxide and pyridine. ... 

Deuterium oxide (7.5 ml) is added dropwise to aluminum isopropoxide (25 g.) The mixture is shaken for about 5 min and then warmed to 70° for 10 min to complete the reaction. The resulting deuterioisopropanol is distilled at room temperature and 1 mm pressure into a liquid nitrogen-cooled trap. Redistillation at atmospheric pressure yields pure isopropanol-OD (9.5 g bp 82-83°). All operations must be protected from moisture. 

Commercially available aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum butoxide and aluminum phenoxide are generally of sufficient purity for use in Oppenauer oxidations provided that these reagents are obtained from a freshly opened container and are freely soluble in the reaction solvent. The reagents may be conveniently stored as 20-40 per cent solutions in anhydrous benzene or toluene. 

Aluminum isopropoxide may be distilled under reduced pressure (bp 94° at... 

The milder metal hydnde reagents are also used in stereoselective reductions Inclusion complexes of amine-borane reagent with cyclodexnins reduce ketones to opucally active alcohols, sometimes in modest enantiomeric excess [59] (equation 48). Diisobutylaluminum hydride modified by zmc bromide-MMA. A -tetra-methylethylenediamme (TMEDA) reduces a,a-difluoro-[i-hydroxy ketones to give predominantly erythro-2,2-difluoro-l,3-diols [60] (equation 49). The three isomers are formed on reduction with aluminum isopropoxide... 

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones with aluminum isopropoxide... 

Other Lewis-acidic alkoxides might also be employed however aluminum isopropoxide has the advantage to be sufficiently soluble in organic solvents, and acetone as oxidation product can be easily removed for its low boiling point. Recently lanthan isopropoxide has been used with success, and showed good catalytic activity. 

A mixture of 37.6 g of N-acetyl-L-glutamine and 1.000 ml of water is heated to 40°C, and 900 ml of an isopropanol solution containing 40 g of aluminum isopropoxide isadded to the warm mixture with stirring. The stirring is continued for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure. Isopropanol is added to the aqueous solution and the salt precipitates in the solution. The precipitates are collected by filtration and upon drying, 48.5 g of the crystalline-like aluminum salt of N-acetyl-L-glutamine are obtained. 

Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum nicotinate Aluminum isopropoxide Aceglutamide aluminum Tioclomarol Aminoacetonitrile Octopamine HCI p-Ami noacetophenone Acetohexamide... 

The yield of product is increased to 81% (analyzed by evolution of M-butane) if 0.67 g. (0.0033 mole) of aluminum isopropoxide is added to the suspension of magnesium before addition of the halide solution. Alternatively, an equivalent amount of 2-propanol and iodine (giving 0.01 mole of CsII OMgl) may be added. These modified procedures (particularly the second) also shorten the induction periods and render unnecessary any special drying of the reagents and apparatus and the use of fresh magnesium. 

In contrast to the situation with copper-based catalysis, most studies on ruthenium-based catalysts have made use of preformed metal complexes. The first reports of ruthenium-mediated polymerization by Sawamoto and coworkers appeared in I995.26 In the early work, the square pyramidal ruthenium (II) halide 146 was used in combination with a cocatalyst (usually aluminum isopropoxide). 

Isopropyl Alcohol and Aluminum Isopropoxide. This is called the Meer-wein-Ponndotf-Verley reduction It is reversible, and the reverse reaction is known as the Oppenauer oxidation (see 19-3) ... 

Diisobomyloxyaluminum isopropoxide gives higher yields under milder conditions than aluminum isopropoxide Hutton, J. Synth. Commun., 1979,9,483. For other substitutes for aluminum isopropoxide, see Namy, J.L. Souppe, J. Collin, J. Kagan, H.B. J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 2045 Okano, T. Matsuoka, M. Konishi, H. Kiji, J. Chem. Lett., 1987, 181. 

Evans, D.A. Nelson, S.G. Gagne, M.R. Mud, A.R. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993,115,9800. It has been that shown in some cases reduction with metal alkoxides, including aluminum isopropoxide, involves free-radical intermediates (SET mechanism) Screttas, C.G. Cazianis, C.T. Tetrahedron, 1978, 34, 933 Nasipuri, D. Gupta, M.D. Baneijee, S. Tetrahedron Lett., 1984, 25, 5551 Ashby, E.C. Argyropoulos, J.N. Tetrahedron Lett.,... 

Anionic Association Polymer. Another type of lost circulation agent is a combination of an organic phosphate ester and an aluminum compound, for example, aluminum isopropoxide. The action of this system as a fluid loss agent seems to be that the alkyl phosphate ester becomes crosslinked by the aluminum compound to form an anionic association polymer, which serves as the gelling agent [1488]. 

A gel of diesel or crude oil can be produced using a phosphate diester or an aluminum compound with phosphate diester [740]. The metal phosphate diester may be prepared by reacting a triester with phosphorous pentoxide to produce a polyphosphate, which is then reacted with an alcohol (usually hexanol) to produce a phosphate diester [870]. The latter diester is then added to the organic liquid along with a nonaqueous source of aluminum, such as aluminum isopropoxide (aluminum-triisopropylate) in diesel oil, to produce the metal phosphate diester. The conditions in the previous reaction steps are controlled to provide a gel with good viscosity versus temperature and time characteristics. All the reagents are substantially free of water and will not affect the pH. 

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