European market data

European Marketing Data and Statistics 2004. 39th ed. London Euromonitor, November 2003. Contains hard-to-find demographic, economic and lifestyle data for 44 European countries. 

The different detergents are an attempt to copy the typical detergent composition commercially available in the U.S. and European markets. The more severe tests in the C06 series are designed to approximate the effect expected from five repeated launderings. In view of the variety of conditions associated with this test it is vital to ensure good communication and data recording in operating the test. 

The concept of the Polymat database was based on the following criteria (1) the data-base is neutral, independent of raw-material manufacturers (2) anyone can use the database (3) all the products on. the European market should, if possible, be included (4) since testing is carried out in accordance with a variety of different international standards, the relevant standard, as well as the testing conditions, is registered (5) during the search, all properties should be capable of being linked with one another as desired and (6) the sources used for the database are the technical data sheets and additional information supplied by raw-material manufacturers, and various lectures, publications, and measured data from different institutes. 

With regard to the common European market, the European Economic Community (EEC) has undertaken numerous activities concerned with materials and material information systems. In one demonstration program for material databases eleven such databases from various countries in the EEC are being cooperatively developed with joint standards for terminology, data presentation, database access, and the user interface of search commands, aids, and menus. For the materials class of plastics, Polymat was selected to participate in this cooperative work. Interesting developments occur from which the users of central material databases in the entire EEC area can benefit. 

The acquisition of substance data and the introduction of harmonised instra-ments for evaluation, conununication, documentation and limitation of application risks in the European market can only function at an extra-corporate level. In so doing, the following should be observed, if such solutions are in line with practice, their development catmot be left solely up to official bodies. If the costs are to be minimised, the companies have to develop standards jointly, which can however also entail the exchange of information that is relevant to a potential competitor. Thus, companies have to demonstrate courage, if efficient system solutions are to be developed at an extra-corporate level. 

Following receipt of data the Commission drew up priority lists of substances that, on the basis of that data, were thought to have the potential to pose a risk of harm to human health or the environment. By the publication of the EU White Paper in 2001, four lists, containing a total of 141 substances, had been adopted by the relevant technical committee (CEC, 2001). The progress of these risk assessments was very slow. Risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), for example, commenced in 1997 but was still not completed nine years later (ENDS, 2006). In 2006 around 16,700 tonnes of HBCD were produced every year for use as a flame retardant. It may have neurotoxic effects and interfere with the metabolism of thyroid hormone, but because risk assessment of it had not reached a conclusion there were no restrictions on its use. By 2006 final risk assessment reports were available for only about 70 substances (European Commission, 2006b) — less than 0.5 per cent of the 30,000 or so existing substances on the European market at quantities of above 1 tonne per annum. 

Analytical data play a vital role in our daily lives, with increasing influence on both economy and ecology. The harmonisation of the European market - including the Eastern European countries - and the opening of the international borders for trade and communication have led to serious problems with terminology in analytical chemistry. We can identify the... 

OSIRIS is another EC project fully dedicated to the REACH legislation [30]. The purposes of OSIRIS are broader than the simple QSAR models. OSIRIS wants to develop an intelligent testing strategy capable to assess whether the data for a certain chemical compound is sufficient or not. We have mentioned that the REACH legislation requires that sufficient data should be provided for a safe use of chemical compounds on the European market. On the basis of the different... 

Authors analysis of market data reported by European Chemical News. 

Benfurodil (VI) has been claimed to be a cardiotonic-vasodilator, which has clinical value in angina pectoris. However, no data is available. Ildamen (VII) has recently been placed on the European market as an antianginal agent. Ildamen has a positive Inotropic activity and ap-... 

European market such as non-dedicated tankage, or octane boosting using Pb results in Pb levels reaching the legal maximum, then as shown by the following data, there will be a high risk of contamination. 

Early in 2000, CollectNiCad has issued the first data related to the number of Ni-Cd cells introduced into the european market according to market segments by applications (CollectNiCad 2000). The data compiled by CollectNiCad are presented in Figure 3. It has been calculated that approximately 340 million cells are sold effectively in Europe for an equivalent weight of 13,000 Tonnes. These cells are sold mainly assembled m power packs varying from 20 to 500 grams or more. 

In spite of announced production increase, PHA still represents today very few percent (1.6% in 2013) vs. all bioplastics. According to the European Bioplastics Association, in 2012 production capacities amounted to approximately 1.4 million ton (defining bioplastics as partly or fully bio-based plastics, biodegradable, or both). Market data of European Bioplastics forecasts production capacities will multiply by 2017—to more than 6 million ton. While PHA still has a minor production whereas drop in solutions such as bio-based PE and PET have taken a major place [73]. 

The Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe (APME) tracks plastics recycling statistics for the overall European market. Table 14.3 shows historical data from APME for the recovery and recycling of postuse plastics in Europe [16]. The full report can be found on the APME website www.apme.org. The total percentage of plastics diverted from landfill in 1990 was 23%, inaeasing to 32% in 1999. Energy recovery was the predominate method of recovery followed... 

The EMA does not have a tool similar to the REMS at its disposal. In contrast to the EDA s decision, and based on the same data and announced on the same day as the FDA s decision, the EMA s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use recommended the suspension of the marketing of rosiglitazone in European markets (see Blind et al. 2011), and its marketing authorization is currently suspended. 

Apart from these examples of healthier choices taken from objective market data, several surveys are periodically conducted in developed countries to follow the public attitude toward health. In 2011, according to the Intemational Food Information Council Foundation Food Health Survey, 59 % of Americans declared that they were attempting to make changes to improve the healthfulness of their diets, in order to ameliorate their overall well-being (65 %), lose weight (56 %), improve their physical health (56 %), because of a specific health condition (32 %), and/or maintain weight (20 %) [32]. Similar tendencies can be found in European countries. 

The Polymat central database provides the following 1) all the products of the various firms represented on the European market are included 2) the search is independent of the manufacturers and can be performed for all the products of all the manufacturers 3) available are not only the values contained in the list of basic values but other data specified in such standards as DIN, ASTM, and BS (although a search can nevertheless be confined to products whose data conform to the list of basic values) 4) the information is presented only once and is then maintained centrally and 5) a selection can be made between a greater number of materials and manufacturers. 

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