European Efforts

The European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) is the establishment of a European register with comparable data on die emissions from individual activities covered by die Council Directive 96/61/EC, known as die IPPC Directive. It is a useful monitoring tool and a suitable instrument for public dissemination of emission data and its effectiveness could be seen in die European effort to achieve die goals set in Agenda 21 of die UNECE Conference in Rio de Janeiro (1992), in the IPPC Directive (1996), and in die UNECE Aarhus Convention (1998). 

Steinberger-Wilkens, R., F. Tietz, M.J. Smith, J. Mougin, B. Rietveld, O. Bucheli, J. Van Herle, Z. Mohsine, P. Holtappels (2007), Real-SOFC - A Joint European Effort in Understanding SOFC Degradation , ECS Transactions, Vol. 7, No. 1, Part 1, ECS Transactions - 10th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, SOFC-X, pp. 67-76. 

H. R. (2004) A Special Interest Case Study The Chemical Industry, the Bush Administration, and European Efforts to Regulate Chemicals. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Government Reform, Minority Staff Special Investigations Division, Washington. 

Very little effort by the EU or other scientifically advanced allies to coordinate medical capabilities to fight infectious diseases. Most of the European efforts have focused on advocating procedures and controlling the dissemination of sensitive dual-use research, educate researchers in the ethics, more that in the practice of implementing mechanisms for the direct oversight of such sensitive dual-use research. 

Mus6e National de C6ramique at Sevres, France. The collection includes examples of early European porcelains including a Medici porcelain bottle made in 1581 the first success in European efforts to produce ware equivalent to Persian and Chinese porcelain. It also contains examples of French soft-paste porcelain as well as earlier ceramics. www.ceramique.conL... 

The EPRI document Utility requirement document (EPRI, 1990) which preceded the similar European effort for the EUR, had similar standardization aims. The two sets of criteria are similar even if they cannot be considered identical. The differences, however, are such that two plant designs, performed according to two sets of criteria should not significantly differ. 

The Bologna Process is a joint European effort, involving 40 countries, to obtain a uniform structure for higher education in European countries. The Bologna Declaration involves six actions relating to higher education ... 

European efforts is that industry-matching funds will be made available for public funding. 

Steinberger-Wilckens R, Bucheli O, De Haart LGJ, Hagen A, Kiviaho J, Larsen J, Pyke S, Rietveld B, Sfeir J, Tietz F, Zahid M (2009) Real-SOFC - a joint European effort to improve SOFC durability. In ECS Transactions, vol 25, pp 43-56... 

AA-size cells constracted by Battery Technologies Inc. in the U.S. show very good endurance tests. These cells accumulate up to 400 cycles on the 24-Q test and up to 250 cycles on the 10-Q test. The Li-Mn02 cells developed by Sanyo Electric Co. in Japan are termed ML 2430 and ML 2016 with nominal capacity of 70 and 20 mA h, respectively. About 200 cycles are obtained at a capacity of 45 mA h. The flat-type battery ML 2430 with a nominal voltage of 3 V can operate over 3000 cycles at a low discharge capacity of 1 mA h. European efforts are also directed toward Li-Mn02 secondary batteries. Researches are developed by SAFT in France and Varta in Germary (see Table 11.7). 

Numerous methods can be used to investigate the nanostructure, but few are as suitable for integration into manufacturing processes, as the X-ray techniques. In the X-ray beam, polymers can be drawn, spun, molten, or swollen, while scattering patterns are recorded. However, the major problem to be solved is that the structure evolution has to be monitored with sufficient time resolution. For this reason, strong X-ray sources, such as synchrotrons are required. Since several years, powerful and stable sources are available to materials science, and presently we are witnessing promising developments as far as detectors and special beam optics are concerned. Even the project of an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) source has been lined up in the frame of a European effort. 

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