Ethyl potassium

Ethyl Potassium Sulphate.- T1ic romliinnimn iK-luccn... 

Ethyl alcohol, 49 Ethyl benzene, 141 Ethyl benzoate, 209 Ethyl bromide, 54 Ethylene bromide, 62 Ethyl ether, 59 Ethyl malonate, 96 Ethyl malonic acid, 97 Ethyl potassium sulphate, 50 Ethyl tartrate, 115 rotation of, 120 Lykman depressimeter, 37... 

Ziegler (2) A process proposed for making tetraethyl lead by electrolyzing the molten complex of ethyl potassium with triethyl aluminum, KA1(C2H5)4, using a lead electrode. Invented in 1963 by K. Ziegler and H. Lehmkiihl but not commercialized. 

Transformation of 2-deoxysugar derivatives into glycosyl xanthates can be performed by the treatment of O-benzyl-protected hemiacetal derivative with diphe-nylphosphoryl chloride, followed by the reaction with O-ethyl potassium xanthate in the presence of a base (NaOH, PTC reaction or NaH in appropriate organic solvent). High yields and selectivities in such reactions were observed when using sodium hydride in anhydrous THF [401],... 

The second organic fluoride was not made until 20 years later. Fremy (with whom Moissan studied in the 1870 s) generated pure anhydrous hydrogen fluoride for the first time by heating potassium hydrogen fluoride (KHF2). The latter (Fremy s salt) was heated with ethyl potassium sulfate in a platinum apparatus to give fluoroethane.12... 

The organic compounds of potassium include many oxycompounds, such as salts of organic acids, alcohols and phenols (alkoxides, phenoxides, etc.). A few potassium-carbon linked compounds have been reported, such as a phenyhsopropyl potassium. C6H5C3H7K, and a carbonyl compound of unknown composition. Kx(f 0)Y. The adduct of ethyl potassium and diethyl-zinc is a true salt, K2[Zn(C2H5)4], potassium tetraethylzincate. 

To 100 c.cs. ethyl alcohol in a -litre round-bottomed flask are carefully added with cooling 40 c.cs. cone, sulphuric acid. A reflux condenser is attached and the mixture heated for an hour on the water bath, and then allowed to cool. The liquid is poured into litre of water in a porcelain basin, and to this is added chalk, with stirring, until effervescence ceases. The calcium sulphate is filtered off, and washed with a little warm water. To the filtrate, which contains ethyl calcium sulphate, is added saturated potassium carbonate solution until the liquid gives a faint alkaline reaction to phenolphthalein. The calcium carbonate is filtered off and washed with a little hot water. The filtrate is then evaporated until crystallisation begins, when it is set aside to cool. The crystals of ethyl potassium sulphate are filtered off and dried, and a further crop obtained by concentrating the mother liquor. 

Bryce-Smith et al. (1954) have established the presence of a positive kinetic isotope effect in metallation reactions. For example, ordinary toluene is metallated by ethyl potassium five times faster than is C6H5. CD3. Gronowitz and Halvarson (1955) have found that thiophene of ordinary isotopic composition is metallated six times faster than thiophene in which the hydrogen has been replaced by tritium. 

TLC Dissolve in methanol Silica Diisopropyl ether-ethyl Potassium... 

Eor example, ethyl potassium malonate reacts in the following manner, giving diethylsuccinic ester —... 

Chlorination of the derivatives (500) with phosphorus oxychloride followed by reaction with ammonia, gives the 2-amino-3-bromopyridines (501). Cyclization of (501 R = 4-pyridyl) was accomplished by heating with ethyl potassium xanthate in l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at 160-165 °C to give the thiazolo[4,5-6]pyridine (502 R = 4-pyridyl) in near quantitative yield (Scheme 61) (94JMC248). 

Thus the diethyl ester of succinic acid is formed from ethyl potassium malonate ... 

Naturally ethyl potassium oxalate cannot react in accordance with the scheme of the Ilrown and Walker s syntheses. When it was electrolyzed both investigators2 observed the presence of ethylene. This unsaturated hydrocarbon was very likely derived from the-enter group. 

The Brown-Walker 1 method has been found to be of excellent service in the electrolysis of the potassium salts of the mono-esters of malonie acid. The formation of the diethyl ester of succinic acid from ethyl potassium malonate has already been mentioned fp. 103). 

If the ethyl potassium salts of substituted acids are chosen ns the starting-point, it is possible to obtain disubstituted acids, according to the above reactions. 

From ethyl potassium, diethylmalomte a substance having the composition Culhr/b, and which differs from the expected tetraethyl-succinic acid by C2II4, was obtained. The nature of this body has not yet teen determined. 

In the same way ethykrotonic acid is formed from the ethyl potassium salt of diethylmaloriic acid. 

Ethylmalonic Acid.—The Irehavior of ethyl potassium ethylmalonate has already been mentioned in the discussion of malonie acid. The potassium salt, in t 20fslightly acid solution, yields propylene (Petersen ), and probably, like pyro tartarie acid, primary and secondary propyl alcohol. 

Adipic Acid.—The ethyl potassium salt was converted into the sebaeic diethyl ester by Brown and Walker1 ... 

Benzylmalonic Acid.—When this acid in the form of its ethyl-potassium salt was submitted to electrolysis by Brown and Walker 8 it exhibited a behavior materially different from that of malonic acid. The solution became dark-colored, but contained no new compound. If oxidation occurred, it was a complete oxidation into carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, such as has been observed in the case of unsaturated acids. 

However, when v. Miller 9 electrolyzed the ethyl-potassium... 

Walker and Henderson1 found, moreover, that upon electrolysis of concentrated aqueous solutions of the ethyl-potassium salt of allocamphoric acid there are formed as chief products the ethyl esters of a dibasic acid, Ci6H28(CQQH)2, and of a monobasic acid, CgHigCOOH ... 

Potassium xanthate (ethyl potassium xanthate, C2HsO(CS)SK)... 

Diisopropyl ether-ethyl Potassium acetate-acetic acid permanganate (30 15 5)... 

Finally, a method for the preparation of (S-(alkyloxythiocarbonyl) derivatives has been introduced involving the reaction of ethyl potassium di-thiocarbonate with a glycosyl bromide. 

Glycosyl halides, reaction with ethyl potassium dithiocarbonates, 111 —, poly-O-acetyl-, solvolysis of, 39 Glyculosonic acids, 3-deoxy-, 253, 254 Glyoxal, bis(phenylhydrazone), 81 Guanosine, 5-(fucosyl dihydrogen pyrophosphate), 205 5-phosphate, 227 trihydrogen pyrophosphate, 205 —, 2-deoxy-, 5-triphosphate, 231 Guaran, 71, 75... 

Ethyl ethylenetetracarboxylate has been prepared from monochloro- and monobromomalonic ester through removal of halogen acid with sodium,1 sodium ethylate, potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, sodium urethane, sodium formanilide and sodium acetanilide. It has also been prepared by treating the disodiuin derivative of ethyl ethane-1,1,2,2-tetracarboxylate with bromine, or iodine by treating dibromomalonic ester with sodium, or sodium ethylate and by treating the disodium derivative of malonic ester with iodine. 

In case of the direct reaction of the natural oil or lower alkyl ester of natural fatty acid and the amine the reaction method for producing the amide derivatives is as follows That is, about 1 mol of the said oils and 1 to 100 equivalent mols of the said amines are mixed in the absence or presence of solvents such alcohols as methanol, ethanol or the like, such aromatic hydrocarbons as benzene, toluene, xylene or the like, such halogenoalkanes as methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride or the like, and such alkenes or alkanes as petroleum ether, benzene, gasoline, ligroin or cyclohexane, such ethers as tetrahyrofuran, dioxane and the like, or a mixture thereof, and the mixture is subjected to the reaction in the absence or presence of catalyst amount or equimolar amount to the amine of an auxiliary agent of condensation, such as alkoholate of alkali metal, i.e. lithium, methylate, lithium ethylate, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate, potassium-t-butylate and the like, or acidic auxiliary agents, i.e. p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like, thereby to yield the amide derivatives. In this reaction, a formal alcohol may be removed from the reaction system. 

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