Ethyl butyraldehyde

Ethyl Acrylate, 486, 686 Ethyl Alcohol, 136, 849 Ethyl Alcohol, 136 Ethyl o-Aminobenzoate, 486 Ethylp-Anisate, 486, 686 Ethyl Anthranilate, 486, 687 Ethyl Benzoate, 486, 655 Ethyl Benzoyl Acetate, 486, (S3)72 Ethyl-(E)-2-butenoate, 486, (S3)72 Ethyl-fraraj -2-butenoate, 486, (S3)72 Ethyl Butyl Ketone, 502 Ethyl Butyraldehyde, (Sl)72... 

ETHYLBUTANAL ETHYT BUTYRALDEHYDE a-ETHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE ETHYL BUTYRALDEHYDE pOT) 2-ETHYLBUTYRALDEHYDE pOT,FCC) 2-ETHYLBUTYRIC ALDEHYDE FEMA No. 2426... 

Ethyl butyraldehyde. See 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde CAS 97-96-1 EINECS/ELINCS 202-623-5 UN 1178 (DOT) FEMA 2426 Synonyms Butanal, 2-ethyl- Butyraldehyde, 2-ethyl- Diethyl acetaldehyde 2-Ethyl butanal 2-Ethyl-1-butanal... 

Ethyl butyraldehyde a-Ethylbutyraldehyde 2-Ethylbutyric aldehyde a-Ethyl butyric aldehyde Ethylethylacetaldehyde... 

The basic product of the reaction is 2-methyl-butane-3-one (methylisopropyl ketone) in the absence of water, whereas pivalic acid represents the basic product in the presence of water at 70°C and 8 atm partial CO pressure. Conversion of alkane (36%) was reached at 1 h of the reaction time vmder conditions of batch reactor (81). Under similar conditions n-pentane converts into a mixture of Ce-aldehydes [2-ethyl-butyraldehyde (5%), 2-methyl-pentanaldehyde (3%)] and ketones [2-methyl-pentane-3-one (11%) and 3-methyl-pentane-2-one (5%)] at 24% total conversion of n-pentane (82). In the presence of water n-pentane gives a mixture of three acids 2-ethyl-butjrric acid, 2-methyl-pentanoic acid, and 2,2-dimethyl-butyric acid at 150-200°C, 10 atm CO pressure, and 20% total n-pentane conversion. Carbonylation of propane gives rise to a mixture of isobutyric acid and isobutyraldehyde at 150°C, 10 atm CO pressure, and 22% propane conversion, isobutyric acid being the main product. 

NOTE Acetals of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and n- and isobutyr-aldehyde are prepared by condensation with PVA in the presence of sulfuric acid in ethanol. Acetals of 2-ethyl butyraldehyde, Az-hexaldehyde, n-heptaldehyde, and 2-ethyl hexaldehyde are prepared in a mixture of dioxane and ethanol. Some typical results are shown in Table X. 

Manufacture. PVBs are manufactured by a variety of two-stage heterogeneous processes. In one of these an alcohol solution of poly(vinyl acetate) and an acid catalyst are heated to 60—80°C with strong agitation. As the poly(vinyl alcohol) forms, it precipitates from solution (77). Ethyl acetate, the principle by-product, is stripped off and sold. The precipitated poly(vinyl alcohol) is washed to remove by-products and excess acid. The poly(vinyl alcohol) is then suspended in a mixture of ethyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, and mineral acid at temperatures above 70°C. As the reaction approaches completion the reactants go into solution. When the reaction is complete, the catalyst is neutralized and the PVB is precipitated from solution with water, washed, centrifuged, and dried. Resin from this process has very low residual vinyl acetate and very low levels of gel from intermolecular acetalization. 

Several species of bacteria under suitable conditions cause / -butyraldehyde to undergo the Canni22aro reaction (simultaneous oxidation and reduction to butyric acid and butanol, respectively) this reaction can also be cataly2ed by Raney nickel (7). The direct formation of butyl butyrate [109-21 -7] or isobutyl isobutyrate [97-85-8](Vish.ch.erik.o reaction) from the corresponding aldehyde takes place rapidly with aluminum ethylate or aluminum butyrate as catalyst (8). An essentially quantitative yield of butyl butyrate, CgH2 02, from butyraldehyde has been reported usiag a mthenium catalyst, RuH,[P(C,H,)3], (9). 

In the presence of dilute sodium or potassium hydroxide, //-butyraldehyde undergoes the aldol reaction to form 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal [496-03-7] which, on continued heating, is converted iato 2-ethyl-2-hexenal [26266-68-2]. Hydrogenation of the latter gives 2-ethyl-1-hexanol/7 (94-7%., aptincipal plastici2er alcohol. 

A mixture of ethyl cyanoacetate (Note 1) (56.6 g., 0.5 mole), freshly distilled butyraldehyde (43.2 g., 0.6 mole), 1 g. of palladium on carbon (Note 2), and 80 ml. of glacial acetic acid is placed in a 500-ml. bottle suitable for attachment to a low-pressure reduction apparatus. A solution of piperidine (2.0 ml., 0.02 mole) in 20 ml. of glacial acetic acid is added, and the bottle is connected to the reduction apparatus. 

The largest commercial process is the hydroformylation of propene, which yields n-butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde. n-Butyraldehyde (n-butanal) is either hydrogenated to n-butanol or transformed to 2-ethyl-hexanol via aldol condensation and subsequent hydrogenation. 2-Ethylhexanol is an important plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride. This reaction is noted in Chapter 8. 

B-Butyraldehyde, condensation with N-phenylhydroxylamine, 46, 96 -Butyric acid, reaction with iron powder to yield 4-heptanone, 47, 75 Butyric acid, 7-bromo-, ethyl ester, 46, 42... 

Butyl alcohol, n-butyraldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, 2-meth-ylfuran, tetrahydrofuran, 4-methyl-l,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl THF, 3-methyl THF, and tetrahydropyran... 

A closer examination by ex situ analysis using NMR or gas chromatography illustrates that intrazeolite reaction mixtures can get complex. For example photooxygenation of 1-pentene leads to three major carbonyl products plus a mixture of saturated aldehydes (valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, acetaldehyde)38 (Fig. 33). Ethyl vinyl ketone and 2-pentenal arise from addition of the hydroperoxy radical to the two different ends of the allylic radical (Fig. 33). The ketone, /i-3-penten-2-one, is formed by intrazeolite isomerization of 1-pentene followed by CT mediated photooxygenation of the 2-pentene isomer. Dioxetane cleavage, epoxide rearrangement, or presumably even Floch cleavage130,131 of the allylic hydroperoxides can lead to the mixture of saturated aldehydes. 

Filter, wash toluene with water, NaHC03, water and dry, evaporate in vacuum to get 100 g gamma-Cl-butyraldehyde (I) (can distill 28/2). 10 g (I), 20 g 3-nitro-phenylhydrazine dissolve in the minimum volume of hot ethanol containing 10% glacial acetic acid. Heat on steam bath one hour cool and add water until dark oil separates. Evaporate in vacuum the ethanol and decant the water to get the oily gamma-Cl-butyraldehyde-3-intro-phenylhydrazone(II). 29 g (11), 300 ml concentrated HC1, ZOO ml benzene stir three hours, replace benzene with fresh benzene and stir four hours. Combine the two benzene portions, wash with water and dry, evaporate in vacuum to get 4 g 3-(beta-Cl-ethyl)-4 and 6-nitroindole (m). 3.56 g (III), 200 ml ethanol, 200 ml 34% aqueous DMA (or other amine) and let stand at room temperature for one week. Evaporate in vacuum the ethanol, filter, dissolve the precipitate in dilute HC1 and filter. Basify the filtrate with dilute NaOH to precipitate 3 g 4 and 6-nitro-DMT (IV). 5.2 g (IV), 350 ml ethanol, 100 ml IN NaOH heat to 50° and add a solution of 3 g Na dithionite in 15 ml 0.2N NaOH. filter hot and evaporate in vacuum to get 2 g 4 and 6 amino-DMT (can purity by dissolving in HC1, filter, basify, extract with ether and dry and evaporate in vacuum the extract). 

TMP). See also Trimethylolpropane butyraldehyde derivative, 4 461, 467 Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, permeation in selected barrier polymers, 3 389t... 

Electrical Conductivity. A further topic which needs to be considered is the correlation found by Zlamal, Ambroz, and Vesely [2] between the specific conductivity of solutions (mainly in ethyl chloride) of aluminium chloride containing various quantities of a polar compound (acetonitrile, butyraldehyde, ethanol, etc.) and the DP of the polyisobutenes formed in these solutions. Over a certain range of concentrations there is an inverse correlation between the specific conductivity, which has a sharp minimum when the ratio [AlCl3]/[Additive] = 1, and the DP, which at the same composition shows a sharp maximum. 

Ethyl hexanol, sometimes called 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol, 2-ethyl hex, or more simply 2-EH, is one of the oldest high molecular weight aliphatic alcohols. What does it have in common with NBA Both are made from propylene via the Oxo process, and both have the same aldehyde intermediate— normal butyraldehyde. 

Jones, J.H. and McCants, J.F. Ternary solubility data. 1 -Butanol-methanol 1-butyl ketone-water, 1-butyraldehyde-ethyl acetate-water, 1-hexane-methyl ethyl ketone-water, Ind. Eng. Chem., 46(9) 1956-1958, 1954. 

Acetals of aldehydes are usually stable to lithium aluminum hydride but are reduced to ethers with alane prepared in situ from lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride in ether. Butyraldehyde diethyl acetal gave 47% yield of butyl ethyl ether, and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal and diethyl acetal afforded benzyl methyl ether and benzyl ethyl ether in 88% and 73% yields, respectively [792]. 

Condensation of butanol has been carried out on alkaline earth metal oxides at 273 K (13,121). This condensation reaction yields 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-hexanal as a main product other products, such as 2-ethyl-2-hexenal (arising from the dehydration of 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-hexanal), n-butyl-K-butyrate (arising from the Tishchenko reaction of butyraldehyde), and 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy- -hexyl butyrate (arising from the Tishchenko reaction of 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-hexanal), are also formed (Scheme 12). 

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