Escherichia Coli Polysaccharide

Because both the polysaccharide substrates and enzymes are relatively inexpensive, these oligosaccharides can be prepared in large quantities at a low cost. Indeed, the discovery of new GAGs, such as acharan sulfate as well as Escherichia coli polysaccharide K5 (heparosan), can afford further structures in large quantities and at low cost (Figure 1). Currently this approach, for... 

E. Vicenzi, A. Gatti, S. Ghezzi, P. Oreste, G. Zoppetti, and G. Poh, Broad spectrum inhibition of HIV-1 infection by sulfated K5 Escherichia coli polysaccharide derivatives, AIDS, 17,177-181,2003. 

Goller CC, Seed PC (2010) Revisiting the Escherichia coli polysaccharide capsule as a virulence factor during urinary tract infection contribution to intracellular biofihn development. Virulence 1 333-337... 

C.d. spectroscopy is now being applied to more complicated polysaccharides. The 3-deoxy-D-man o-2-octulopyranosylonic acids found in Escherichia coli LP1092 have been definitely assigned the a-D configuration. The negative nir c.d. band exhibited by this polysaccharide correlates with the negative c.d. of methyl 3-deoxy-a-D-wianno-2-octulopyranosidonic acid rather than the positive c.d. band exhibited by methyl 3-deoxy-)3-D-/ a/ino-2-octulopyranosidonic acid. 

Resistance to phagocytosis is sometimes associated with specific components of the cell wall and/or with the presence of capsules surrounding the cell wall. Classic examples of these are the M-proteins of the streptococci and the polysaccharide capsules of pneumococci. The acidic polysaccharide K-antigens of Escherichia coli and Sal typhi behave similarly, in that (i) they can mediate attachment to the intestinal epithelial cells, and (ii) they render phagocytosis more difficult. Generally, possession of an extracellular capsule will reduce the likelihood of phagocytosis. 

A common characteristic of most CNS bacterial pathogens (e.g., H. influenzae, Escherichia coli, and N. meningitidis) is the presence of an extensive polysaccharide capsule that is resistant to neutrophil phagocytosis and complement opsonization. 

Figure 8 (Plate 7). Structure of the Escherichia coli FhuA protein serving as receptor for ferrichrome and the antibiotic albomycin. (a) side view (b) side aspect with partly removed barrel to allow the view on the cork domain (c) top view. A single lipo-polysaccharide molecule is tightly associated with the transmembrane region of FhuA (reproduced by permission of W. Welte and A. Brosig)...

The first report of the occurrence of KDO in a structure other than LPS was that of Taylor47 on the capsular polysaccharide (K-antigen) of a clinical isolate, Escherichia coli LP1092. Almost simultaneously, Bhattachaijee and coworkers83 described an exopolysaccharide from Neisseria meningitidis serogroup 29e. This material contains KDO... 

Indeed, these results are qualitatively similar to those depicted in Figs. 12 and 13, and it is therefore tempting to ascribe them to the presence, on the bacterial cell walk, of polyanionic environments surrounding the sites where lysozyme cleaves the polysaccharide network. However, the point is that, although several authors have concluded from various experimental observations that the cell walls of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus are predominantly negatively charged (Katerakky et al, 1953 Salton, 1964 Davies et al, 1969), the complexity of the bacterial cell wall architecture means that little is known about the... 

Wang, X., Preston, J. F., and Romeo, T. (2004). The pgaABCD locus of Escherichia coli promotes the synthesis of a polysaccharide adhesion required for biofilm formation. /. Bacterial. 186, 2724-2734. 

N. catarrhalis,560 N. perflava,559 Moraxella duplex and Micrococcus calco-aceticus,443 and Escherichia coli,420 Vicari and Kabat,45 in studies of blood-group oligosaccharides, and Hellerqvist and colleagues,53 in an examination of the common core-polysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium, have used similar methods. The examination of amino sugars as their peracetylated aminodeoxyalditols has also been used by Liideritz and colleagues72 to establish the occurrence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose in Salmonella lipopolysaccharides, and has been extended to aminodeoxyheptoses by Williams and Perry.561... 

C. Characterization of rcsB and rcsC from Escherichia coli O9 K30 H12 and examination of the role of the res regulatory system in expression of group I capsular polysaccharides. J. Bacteriol., 175, 5384-5394 (1993)... 

An anti-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose immunoglobulin, MOPC 406, is an IgA that binds73 polysaccharides from Salmonella weslaco and Escherichia coli 031. These polysaccharides are known to contain 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose,83 and it has been shown that the specificity of this protein is directed towards /3-D-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranosyl residues.84 Inhibition studies revealed that the apparent affinity of the methyl /3-D-glycoside for the combining region of MOPC 406 is high. 

As may be seen from Table I (see p. 327), MOPC 384 precipitates with the lipopolysaccharides from Proteus mirabilis sp2, Salmonella tranaroa, Escherichia coli 070, and Salmonella telaviv.7s Precipitation with the latter polysaccharide can be inhibited with methyl ct-D-galactopyranoside. No inhibition could be achieved by using p-aminophenyl 1-thio-a-D-galactopyranoside,85 but the specificity of this protein nevertheless appears to be for a-D-linked D-galac-topyranosyl residues. 

The O-antigen polysaccharides of Klebsiella serotype 05 and Escherichia coli 08 were prepared by mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides. A bacteriophage enzyme hydrolyzed both polymers,3150 giving the trisaccharide /3-D-Man-(l - 2)-a-D-Man-(l -> 2)-D-Man. 

Reduction of dTDP-6-deoxy-D-xy/o-hexos-4-ulose (7a) at C-4 of the hexosyl group should lead to dTDP derivatives of 6-deoxy-D-glucose (d-quinovose) and 6-deoxy-D-galactose (D-fucose). Although D-quinovose and D-fucopyranose have not been found as components of bacterial polysaccharides, the corresponding glycosyl nucleotides were identified147 in extracts of Escherichia coli Y-10. 

In this lecture I will characterize capsular polysaccharides of coli bacteria which cause extraintestinal diseases, such as pyelonephritis. To put these studies into perspective, the main pathogenic mechanisms of Escherichia coli, and the role of capsules will first be discussed briefly. 

Neszmelyi, A., Jann, K., Messner, P. and Unger, F.M. (1982) Constitutional and configurational assignements by JC NMR spectroscopy of Escherichia coli capsular polysaccharides containing ribose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (KDO). J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1017-1019... 

Jennings, H.J., Rosell, K.G. and Johnson, K.G. (1982) Strucure of the 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid containing polysaccharide (K6 antigen) from Escherichia coli LP 1092. Carbohydr. Res. 105 45-56... 

Lifely, M.R., Gilbert, A.W. and Moreno, C. (1981) Sialic acid polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli esterification between adjacent residues. Carbohydr. Res. 94 193-203... 

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