Escherichia coli phospholipids

Carr, A. C., J. J. van den Berg, and C. C. Winterboum. 1998. Differential reactivities of hypo-chlorous and hypobromons acids with pnrified Escherichia coli phospholipid Formation of haloamines andhalohydrins.1392(2-3) 254—64. 

Glycolipid incorporated liposomes have found extensive use as sensors for the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria. Liposomes prepared using a diacetylene and a glucosyl lipid underwent a chromatic transition upon the addition of E. coli (Ma et al. 1998). The chromatic transition is sensitive to the diyne and glycolipid stmc-ture (Ma et al. 2000). An optimized vesicle assembly, consisting of a maltotriosyl lipid, phospholipid, and diyne, detected E. coli at a concentration of 2x10 cells/mL... 

Raetz, C.R.H. Dowhan, W. (1990) Biosynthesis and function of phospholipids in Escherichia coli., J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1235-1238. 

Escherichia coli contains three important classes of phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (75%-85%), phosphatidylglycerol (10%-20%), and diphosphatidylglycerol (5%-15%). All three of these phospholipids share the same biosynthetic pathway up to the formation of CDP-diacyl-glycerol (fig. 19.2), after which the pathways branch (fig. 19.3). 

Schmidt, M.A. and Jann, K. (1982) Phospholipid substitution of capsular (K) polysaccharides from Escherichia coli causing extra-intestinal infections. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 19 69-79... 

A typical biological membrane is a complex structure composed primarily of lipids and proteins. The major structural components of the bilayer are various lipids. In eukaryotes, the most common type of lipids are phosphatidylcholines, whereas in prokaryotes (such as Escherichia coli), the main lipids are typically phosphatidylethanolamines (1). One example of a typical eukaryotic neutral (zwitterionic) phospholipid is palmitoyl-oleoy 1-phosphatidylcholine (POPC). The molecular structure of POPC is compared to those of dimyristoylphosphatidyl-choline (DMPC) and the negatively charged dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), commonly used in membrane mimetics, in Fig. 1. 

DeCock, H., Schafer, U., Potgeter, M., Demel, R., Muller, M., and Tommassen.J. (1999). Affinity of the periplasmic chaperone Skp of Escherichia coli for phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides and non-native outer membrane proteins. Eur. J. Biochem. 259, 96-103. 

A fluorescent derivative was prepared and it was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy that the hydraphiles insert in the phospholipid bilayers of the bacterium Escherichia coli <2002JA9022>. The channels are symmetrical and therefore nonrectifying. As such, they permit ions to pass readily in both directions through the organism s outer (plasma) membrane. This makes the hydraphiles toxic to bacteria because the channels permit internal and external ion asymmetry to be disrupted <20050BC1647, 2005OBC3544, 2005CC89>. 

The primary consideration in the genesis of any biological membrane is the location of the synthetic apparatus that manufactures the subunits of the membrane and its relationship to the final distribution of its products [13], In Escherichia coli, substantial evidence indicates that the synthesis of phospholipids occurs at the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane by enzymes that have their active sites on the cytoplasmic surface of the inner membrane. Such an orientation allows free access of water-soluble substrates and reaction products to the cytosol. 

Cronan JE, Vagelos PR (1972) Metabolism and function of the membrane phospholipids of Escherichia coli. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 265 25-60... 

Walsh, J.P. BeU, R.M. sn-1,2-Diacylglycerol kinase of Escherichia coli. Mixed micellar analysis of the phospholipid cofactor requirement and divalent cation dependence. J. Biol. Chem., 261, 6239-6247 (1986)... 

The polymer efficiently permeabilises anionic vesicles with compositions which mimic those of bacterial membranes. The polymer binds to anionic phospholipid vesicles but not zwitterionic vesicles, which causes phase separation in anionic phospholipid mixtures, clustering the negative charge. The polymer permeabilises the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ML-35p in a biphasic manner low polymer concentrations permeabilise the inner membrane of Escherichia coli ML-35p, whereas high concentrations of the polymer can block the active transport of or onitrophenyl-P-n-galactoside in wild-type Escherichia coli K12 [17]. 

Sweetman, G. Trinei, M., Modha, J. et al. (1996) Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of phospholipids of Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol., 20(1), 233-4. 

Kailasa SK, Wu HF. Surface modified BaTi03 nanoparticles as the matrix for phospholipids and as extracting probes for LLME of hydrophobic proteins in Escherichia coli by MALDI-MS. Talanta. 2013 114 283-90. doi 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.032. 

The universal character of calorimetric measurements also pays in the elucidation of the reversible transformations undergone by bilayer-forming phospholipids. The transitions of phosphatidylcholine and similar congeners between their vesicular and micellar states depending on their concentrations, the presence of simple detergents, and the temperature are quite sharp and accompanied by sensible heat effects that allow for their thermodynamic characterization. In a particularly illustrative example, the dissolution and reconstitution of lipid vesicles from Escherichia coli native polar lipid fraction by octyl-jS-o-glucoside as analyzed by ITC was reported (Figure 15). ... 

Kanfbr, J., and E. P. Kennedy Metabolism and function of bacterial lipids. I. Metabolism of phospholipids in Escherichia coli B. J. biol. Chem. 238, 2919—22 (1963). 

J. Y. A, Lehtonen, P. J. K.Kinnunen, Evidence for phospholipid microdomain formation in liquid crystalline liposomes reconstituted with Escherichia coli lactose permease. Biophys. J, 72 (1997) 1247. 

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