Erythromycin sensitivity

Fig, 6. The central loop of E. coli 23S RNA involved in erythromycin sensitivity. The encircled A residue is methylated in erythromycin-resistant ribosomes and is substituted by a G in all of the... 

Neuhauser, M. M., Prause, J. L., Jung, R., Boyea, N., Hackleman J. M., Danziger, L. H., and Pendland, S. L. (1999). In vitro bactericidal activity of ABT-773, a new ketolide, versus clarithromycin (CL) and azithromycin (AZ) against penicillin/erythromycin-sensitive and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP). Presented at 39th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (Sept. 26-29, San Francisco). Abstr. No. 2139. 

ABT-773, 1 l-amino-3-O-descladinosyl-l l-deoxy-3-oxo-6-0-(3"-quinolyl-2 -propenyl) erythromycin A 11,12-cyclic carbamate, is a novel ketolide antimicrobial being developed for clinical use. ABT-773 has demonstrated in vitro activity against community-acquired respiratory pathogens including penicillin/ erythromycin sensitive and resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. Due to its in vitro activity against resistant pathogens, ABT-773 may represent another therapeutic option for community-acquired pneumonia and other respiratory infections [106]. To date, published pharmacokinetic information about clinical trials is not available. The following preclinical results could be used to assist in the prediction of potential in vivo human pharmacokinetic profiles with ABT-773. 

Erythromycin sensitivity is extremely rare (Fisher 1976) few cases have been reported (Van Ketel 1976 b). A 7-year-old girl developed urticaria after peroral administration of an erythromycin suspension. A scratch test was strongly positive, while patch testing was negative. A 52-year-old woman with a leg ulcer developed an acute allergic contact dermatitis around the ulcer caused by erythromycin stearate in petrolatum. Patch tests with 0.1, 1%, and 5% erythromycin stearate in petrolatum were positive. 

Total and mitochondrial protein synthesis show during aminoacid starvation a similar trend and time course of inactivation however, protein synthesis that residues in aminoacid-starved cells, shows an enhanced sensitivity to Erythromycin (ERY) in comparison with growing cells. On the other hand the aminoacid starvation of Erythromycin— -resistant cytoplasmic mutants (ERY ) does not change the in vivo Erythromycin sensitivity of the total protein synthesis, suggesting that cytosol protein synthesis of aminoacid-starved cells acquired a property, the sensitivity to this drug, that under normal cultural conditions is restricted to the mitochondrial compartment. 

M.S.Esposito, Decompartmentalization of erythromycin sensitivity during sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetic control by chromosomal and mitochondrial genes. Submitted to J. Bacteriol. (1979). 

Administration of zafirlukast and aspirin increases plasma levels of zafirlukast, When zafirlukast is administered with warfarin, there is an increased effect of the anti coagulant. Administration of zafirlukast and theophylline or erythromycin may result in a decreased level of zafirlukast. Administration of montelukast with other drugs has not revealed any adverse responses. Administration of montelukast with aspirin and NSAIDs is avoided in patients with known aspirin sensitivity. Administration of zileuton with propranolol increases the activity or the propranolol with theophylline increases serum theophylline levels and with warfarin may increase prothrombin time (PT). A prothrombin blood test should be done regularly in the event dosages of warfarin need to be decreased. 

Chlamydia trachomatis can cause a variety of diseases in humans, for example trachoma, conjunctivitis and non-gonococcal urethritis. It is sensitive to the rifampicins, the tetracyclines and erythromycin. 

Of the latter four agents, clindamycin has the most data supporting its use. However, the clinician must be aware of inducible clindamycin resistance. For CA-MRSA isolates determined to be resistant to erythromycin but sensitive to clindamycin, an additional laboratory analysis, known as the erythromycin-clindamycin D-zone test, is conducted to assess for inducible clindamycin resistance.15 Isolates for which the D-zone test indicates inducible resistance should not be treated with clindamycin. 

Since the order of increasing CL intensity for alkyl amines reacted with Ru(bpy)32+ is tertiary amines > secondary amines > primary amines, pharmaceutical compounds bearing a tertiary amine function (e.g., antihistamine drugs [99], anticholinergic drugs [100], erythromycin [101], and its derivatives [102]) have been sensitively determined after HPLC separation (Table 3). The method was applied to the detection of d- and L-tryptophan (Trp) after separation by a ligand-exchange HPLC [103], The detection limits for d- and L-Trp were both 0.2 pmol per injection. Oxalate in urine and blood plasma samples has also been determined by a reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC (Fig. 18) [104], Direct addition of... 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 1135-1141.) Erythromycin, a macro-lide antibiotic, was initially designed to be used in penicillin-sensitive... 

The currently recommended regimen for group B Streptococcus disease is penicillin G, 5 million units IV, followed by 2.5 million units IV every 4 hours until delivery. Alternatives include ampicillin, 2 g IV, followed by 1 g IV every 4 hours cefazolin 2 g IV, followed by 1 g every 8 hours clindamycin, 900 mg IV every 8 hours or erythromycin, 500 mg IV every 6 hours. In women who are penicillin-allergic, and in whom sensitivity testing shows the organism to be resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin, vancomycin 1 g IV every 12 hours until delivery can be used. 

SENSITIVITY DISCS DIAGNOSTIC ERYTHROMYCIN 15 MICROGRAMS 500S 6550010316163 PG 4169 ... 

Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, lacks a significant chromophore. Detection sensitivity was enhanced by using a wavelength of 200 nm and selecting an injection solvent of lower conductivity than the BGE. In order to facilitate the separation of erythromycin and its related substances, 35% (v/v) ethanol was incorporated into a 150 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.5. Resolution of all of the compounds was achieved in approximately 45 min. The method was employed as an assay method for erythromycin and for impurity determination. Peptide antibiotics, such as colistin and polymyxin, are mixtures of many closely related compounds. A validated CZE method for impurity analysis of polymyxin B was described, employing 130 mM triethanolamine-phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 to reduce the adsorption of analyte onto the capillary wall. Methyl-/l-cyclodextrin (M-/1-CD) and 2-propanol were found to be necessary for selectivity enhancement. Using similar buffer additives, the same group developed and validated a method for colistin analysis. ... 

Patients allergic to penicillin may be cross-sensitive to cephalosporins. Cephalosporins (cefaclor, first-generation cephalosporin) are therefore avoided in these patients and instead macrolides (for example, erythromycin) are generally administered. Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent. 

The application of chromatographic methods to analyze the residues of macrolide antibiotics has been very limited. Moats (85) listed four TLC and one HPLC method for tylosin and one TLC method for erythromycin. In a comparison of the HPLC and microbiological methods for incurred residues in swine, the HPLC method was more sensitive and usually gave higher results (86). 

If the above findings occur, discontinue erythromycin estolate promptly. Erythromycin estolate is contraindicated for patients with a known history of sensitivity to this drug and for those with preexisting liver disease. 

Eryfhramycin Benzoyl Peroxide (Benzamycin) [Anti-intective/ Macrolide/Keratolytic] Uses Topical for acne vulgaris Action Macrolide antibiotic w/ keratolytic Dose Apply bid (am pm) Caution [C, ] Contra Component sensitivity Disp Gel SE Local irritation, dryness EMS See Erythromycin OD Unlikely... 

Erythromycin, Ophthalmic (llotycin Ophthalmic) [Anti infective, Macrolioe, Opthalmic agent] U e Conjunctival/comeal Infxns Action Macrolide antibiotic Dose 1/2 in 2-6 x /d Caution [B, +] Contra Erythromycin hyp sensitivity Disp Oint SE Local irritation EMS See Erythromycin may cause burning, stinging, blurred vision... 

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