Maintenance equipment with specific risks

Apply to all workplaces, unless specifically excepted, and require a fire risk assessment where necessary, appropriate fire-fighting equipment with detectors and alarms measures for fire-fighting emergency routes and exits maintenance of equipment provided. 

Before people enter a confined space suitable and sufficient emergency and rescue arrangements must be in place. These arrangements must reduce the risks to rescuers so far as is reasonably practicable and include the provision and maintenance of suitable resuscitation equipment which must be designed to meet the specific risks associated with the particular confined space. 

Equation 2 represents the condition-specific risk, which represents the increased risk when the equipment is down for maintenance, CDF, [year ], as compared with the reduced risk when the component is known not to be down, CDF [year ], as compared both with the baseline risk, CDF [year ]. Equation 3 represents the Incremental Conditional Core Damage Probability (ICCDP, ) [dimensionless], also known as single-event CT risk for the downtime, d [years], associated with one occurrence of the CT. Equation 4 represents the yearly CT risk associated with the average yearly frequency, f, [year ], of occurrences of the CT. 

Specific risks are dealt with by Regulation 7, which restricts use of equipment likely to involve a specific risk to health or safety to those persons given the task of using it. Where maintenance or repairs have to be done, this work is restricted to those who have been specifically designated to do it, having received adequate training for the work. 

The Chemical Process Industry (CPI) uses various quantitative and qualitative techniques to assess the reliability and risk of process equipment, process systems, and chemical manufacturing operations. These techniques identify the interactions of equipment, systems, and persons that have potentially undesirable consequences. In the case of reliability analyses, the undesirable consequences (e.g., plant shutdown, excessive downtime, or production of off-specification product) are those incidents which reduce system profitability through loss of production and increased maintenance costs. In the case of risk analyses, the primary concerns are human injuries, environmental impacts, and system damage caused by occurrence of fires, explosions, toxic material releases, and related hazards. Quantification of risk in terms of the severity of the consequences and the likelihood of occurrence provides the manager of the system with an important decisionmaking tool. By using the results of a quantitative risk analysis, we are better able to answer such questions as, Which of several candidate systems poses the least risk Are risk reduction modifications necessary and What modifications would be most effective in reducing risk ... 

Figure 23-1 shows the hazards identification and risk assessment procedure. The procedure begins with a complete description of the process. This includes detailed PFD and P I diagrams, complete specifications on all equipment, maintenance records, operating procedures, and so forth. A hazard identification procedure is then selected (see Haz-ard Analysis subsection) to identify the hazards and their nature. This is followed by identification of all potential event sequences and potential incidents (scenarios) that can result in loss of control of energy or material. Next is an evaluation of both the consequences and the probability. The consequences are estimated by using source models (to describe the... 

Failure rate data generated from collecting information on equipment failure experience at a facility are referred to as facility-specific or field failure rate data. Facility-specific data contain failure rates specific to equipment (e.g., a certain valve or pump in use at a facility by manufacturer, make, model, and serial number) and are cataloged accordingly. The collection of facility-specific data from internal operations for use in a risk analysis is desirable because such data reflect the practices, environmental factors, and other reliability influences specific to the equipment under study. The ideal situation is to have valid historical data from identical equipment, in the identical application, functioning under the identical operating and maintenance conditions. Where these are not available, but data on similar equipment are, then they may be used with appropriate judgment. 

The purpose of validation is to obtain written evidence that processes and equipment work within their specifications to produce products of the demanded quality. However, when working with processes and equipment, there are always risks that may or may not be acceptable. To prove whether or not possible risks are acceptable for the product quality, a risk analysis (RA) must be done. The purpose of the RA is to identify critical and noncritical parts of processes and equipment. This risk analysis also identifies the activities necessary for validation, maintenance, and calibration. 

In short, the accident risk assessment provides a comprehensive, detailed evaluation of the overall accident risk associated with the operation and maintenance of a specific facility, including its systems, equipment, and hardware. It incorporates the results of integrated hazard analyses, recommended design changes, hazard reports, and procedural or administrative tools that will eliminate or reduce the risk of these hazards, operational flowcharts, safety-critical procedure lists, and other such information pertinent to overall assessment of accident risk. 

ICDF, is the difference in the configuration-specific CDF and the baseline (or the zero maintenance) CDF m- The configuration-specific CDF is the annualized risk rate considering with the out-of-service equipment unavailability ... 

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