Equipment Configuration and Layout

Potential Solutions No. Concern/Issue and Control Mechanisms Additional Resources 

Shared equipment Design to avoid or minimize use of (e.g. auxiliary process- common equipment for incompatible ing scrubbers ). Pos- materials sihility of incompatible, Implement proper cleaning procedure materials coming between incompatible uses to prevent together. cross contamination Prescrub or treat process streams before transfer to common equipment API RP 750 CCPS G-11 CCPS G-22 Kletz 1991 Lees 1996 NFPA-91 

Shared transfer Avoid the use of incompatible materials in systems. shared transfer systems Ensure cleaning procedures are followed Avoid pockets in lines Install dedicated transfer system API RP 750 Kletz 1991 Lees 1996 NFPA-91 

Ignition of flammable Provide safe separation distances release resulting in fire. Develop appropriate area electrical or explosion. classification Provide ignition source control Place ignition sources in positive pressure enclosure and buildings Provide adequate ventilation API RP500 BS 5345 BS 5958 NFPA-70 NFPA-77 

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Safety issues in batch reaction systems relating to equipment configuration and layout are presented in Table 3. This table is meant to be illustrative but not comprehensive. A few key issues are presented below. 

Tisted below are safety practices aimed at minimizing hazards due to equipment configuration and layout. 

In addition to the information presented in this chapter, refer to Chapter 3, Equipment Configuration and Layout, for further discussions on shared vent and drain systems. 

Principal evidence of an organization s culture with respect to hazards management is demonstrated through the design decisions that determine what the facilities, hardware, equipment, tooling, materials, configuration and layout, the work environment, and the work methods are to be. 

The chemical and most process factors affecting the index are quite straightforward to estimate. More problematic are the equipment safety and the safety of process structure. The equipment safety subindex was developed based on evaluation of accident statistics and layout information. The evaluation of the safe process structure subindex is based on case-based reasoning, which requires experience based information on accident cases and on the operation characteristics of different process configurations. 

Think about it Work methods prescribed to get a job done are determined largely by the design decisions made concerning facilities, hardware, equipment, and layout and configuration, et cetera. That applies, whatever the complexity of the tasks—cutting an invoice, or making... 

The integration of hazard analysis and risk assessment in the early design phases of a project and the implementation of the necessary actions to achieve an acceptable level of risk for injury or damages. Typically this entails facilities, hardware, equipment, tools, materials, layout, configurations, energy controls, environmental aspects, and products. 

The previous sections have outlined the information required to locate equipment and the general content of the typical process unit. At this stage, the plant layout designer should prepare a sketch of the unit configuration and a line run to confirm that the equipment is positioned for the most favorable piping interconnection. The line run can be prepared by dia-... 

Operational layouts were developed providing physical capabilities to accommodate those requirements as defined by the process flow charts. Operational layouts identified both space requirements and requirements for Ammunition Peculiar Equipment (APE), to meet individual item configurations. 

Ultraflltration process is basically a physical filtration process on a very fine scale. It can retain large molecules, suspended, and colloidal particles, but can allow dissolved salts to pass through the bulk of the water. To keep the concentrate mostly in a uniform suspension requires high flows of liquid along the membrane surface. The technique uses similar configurations of equipment layouts as are used in reverse osmosis processes. 

DQ checks that the design documentation matches the requirements stated in the EDS. Layout drawings, operating and maintenance procedures, parts lists and system descriptions are included in the DQ. Both hardware and software configuration are reviewed together with the supplier s product documentation. DQ offers the opportunity to monitor the progress of project validation as well as any operational and safety issues, such as the use of radioactive instruments or access to analysis equipment for maintenance. 

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