Epoxy resins specialty

Specialty coatings Specialty elastomers Specialty epoxy resins Specialty glass Specialty malts... 

High purity 4-dodecylphenol is used to produce specialty surfactants by its reaction with ethylene oxide. The low color of high purity 4-dodecylphenol is important in this appHcation from a standpoint of aesthetics. 4-Dodecylphenol is also used to produce phenoHc resins which are used in adhesive appHcations and printing inks. 4-Dodecylphenol is also used as an epoxy curing catalyst where the addition of 4-dodecylphenol accelerates curing of the epoxy resin to a hard, nontacky soHd. 

Commonly accepted practice restricts the term to plastics that serve engineering purposes and can be processed and reprocessed by injection and extmsion methods. This excludes the so-called specialty plastics, eg, fluorocarbon polymers and infusible film products such as Kapton and Updex polyimide film, and thermosets including phenoHcs, epoxies, urea—formaldehydes, and sdicones, some of which have been termed engineering plastics by other authors (4) (see Elastol rs, synthetic-fluorocarbon elastol rs Eluorine compounds, organic-tdtrafluoroethylenecopolyt rs with ethylene Phenolic resins Epoxy resins Amino resins and plastics). 

Specialty Epoxy Resins. In addition to bisphenol, other polyols such as aUphatic glycols and novolaks are used to produce specialty resins. Epoxy resins may also include compounds based on aUphatic, cycloaUphatic, aromatic, and heterocycHc backbones. Glycidylation of active hydrogen-containing stmctures with epichlorohydrin and epoxidation of olefins with peracetic acid remain the important commercial procedures for introducing the oxirane group into various precursors of epoxy resins. 

Aromatic and Heterocyclic Glycidyl Amine Resins. Among the specialty epoxy resins containing an aromatic amine backbone, the following are commercially significant. 

Nylons 6/6 and 6 comprise more than 90% of the polyamide market. The two have similar properties but nylon 6 has a lower Tm (223°C). Small amounts of nylons 6/9, 6/10, 6/12, 11, 12, 12/12, and 4/6 are produced as specialty materials. Those with more methylene groups than nylons 6/6 and 6 have better moisture resistance, dimensional stability, and electrical properties, but the degree of crystallinity, Tm, and mechanical properties are lower. Specialty nylons made from dimerized fatty acids find applications as hot-melt adhesives, crosslinking agents for epoxy resins, and thermographic inks. 

The three leading producers of epoxy resin account for approximately 75 percent of the world s capacity. These resin manufacturers are Resolution Performance Products (formerly Shell), Dow Chemical, and Huntsman (formerly Ciba). The other 50f smaller epoxy manufacturers primarily produce epoxy resins only regionally or produce specialty products. 

Many types of epoxy resins can be used in adhesive formulations. These are characterized in Table 4.1. The most commonly used type is the resin-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEB A). Epoxy novolac, flexible epoxy, high-functionality, and fihu-forming epoxy resins are also used in specialty applications. 

Generally, when used as a sole catalyst, tertiary amines are used only in specialty applications where short pot life can be tolerated and where maximum physical or chemical properties are not required. DMP-10 and DMP-30 are used at concentrations of 4 to lOpph with liquid DGEBA epoxy resins. They achieve fairly fast cures overnight, even at room temperatures since the hydroxyl groups present in the epoxy molecule enhance the catalytic activity of the tertiary amine groups. 

CVC Specialty Chemicals, Inc., Advantages of Omicure V-52 as an Accelerator for Dry Cured Epoxy Resin System, TSR 020909, Moorestown NJ, December 2004. 

Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is made from propylene, the majority is via allyl chloride intermediate. Total consumption in 1999 was about 600 million lb. Uses for ECH include epoxy resins (65%), synthetic glycerin (22%), and others (paper treatment, specialty ionic exchange resin, glycerol, and glycidol derivatives). 

Velsicol Chemical LLC, formerly Velsicol Chemical Corporation, designs, manufactures, markets and distributes high performance specialty chemicals and industrial intermediates, primarily based on benzoic acid and the organic compound cyclopentadiene. Its products include chlorendic anhydride and hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HEX). Chlorendic anhydride is corrosion resistant, fire resistant and has high UV stability, and is used in the synthesis of flame retardant polymers such as polyurethanes, unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins. HEX, a reactive intermediate used in the manufacture of agricultural pesticides in the production of flame retardants for the wire and cable industry and in the preparation of chlorendic anhydride. The company s products are produced primarily at a plant in Memphis, Tennessee Velsicol also maintains the Memphis Environmental Center (MEC), which focuses on managing legacy environmental liabilities. The firm is owned by Arsenal Capital Partners, a private equity firm. 

Data adapted from Ellis, B., Ed. Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins Blackie Academic and Professional Glasgow, 1993 Hamerton, I. Recent Developments in Epoxy Resins RAPRA Review Report Number 91, 1996 8 (7) Hamerton, L Hay, J.N. Structural polymers. Chapter 8. In Specialty Polymers, 2nd Ed. Dyson, R.W. Ed., Blackie Academic and Professional London, 1998, 200-250 Pilato, L.A. Michno, M.J. Advanced Composite Materials Springer-Verlag Berlin, 1994. 

Epoxy resins based on glycidylation of bisphenols, cresol and phenol novolacs, polycarboxylic acids, polyols, amines, and aminophenols have been long known. Epoxidized linear and cyclic olefins have also been used as specialty epoxy resins. More recently, glycidylated heterocycles have been introduced, initially as specialty resins promising improved resistance to weathering. One heterocycle in particular, the hydantoin ring, has become of particular interest as an epoxy substrate (J ). 

Polyamides, aromatic amines, cylcoaliphatic amines, reactive diluents, and specialty epoxy resins, which are used as performance additives in epoxy formulations... 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a high temperature heat transfer medium used as an odorant in perfuming soaps useful in organic synthesis, resulting in epoxy resins, high temperature lubricants, specialty plasticizers, varnishes, artificial sweeteners, fire retardants, and... 

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