Environmental standards INDEX

Air quality indexes have been devised for categorizing the air quality measurements of several individual pollutants by one composite number. The index used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is called the Pollutant Standards Index (PSl) (Table 4-6). 

UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is adopted. It establishes material rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment. http //www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm... 

A computer program is provided for ease of calculation and efficient use of the standard. This rational method of assessing hot environments allows identification of the relative importance of different components of the thermal environment, and hence can be used in environmental design. The WBGT index is an empirical index, and it cannot be used to analyze the influence of the individual parameters. The required sweat rate (SW. ) has this capability, but lack of data may make it difficult to estimate the benefits of protective clothing. 

U.S. EPA, Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Hazardous Waste Combustors, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 2008. Available at http //www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/combust/ finalmact/index.htm. 

Japanese environmental regulations can be found at www.env.go.jp/en/lar/ blaw/index.html for details of the basic Japanese environmental law and www.env.go.jp/en/lar/regulations/nes.html for the national effluent standards. 

The general objective, principle, and scope of application of the pT-method are succinctly described in Section 1 and also reported elsewhere in this book (see Chapter 3 of this volume, Section 5.1), where readers will appreciate that this hazard assessment scheme is adaptable to both liquid and solid media. Briefly recalled here in the context of solid-media samples such as dredged material, the pT-value, which relates to a single bioassay, and the pT-index, derived from the most sensitive organism in a test battery, permit a numerical classification of environmental samples on the basis of ecotoxicological principles. Sediment from any aquatic ecosystem (freshwater, brackish, marine) and from any of its phases (whole sediment, porewaters, elutriates or organic extracts) can be appraised provided that the proper standardized toxicity tests are available. There are whole-sediment test protocols standardized for many agencies (e.g., Environment Canada, ASTM). 

Regulations and standards related to environment and environmental technology Environmental legislation (Germany) http //www.umwelt-online.de/ regelwerk/index.htm... 

Basic Mechanisms. Finally, further work is necessary on fundamental mechanisms of individual fire retardants. These mechanisms are a function of the particular chemicals involved and the environmental conditions of the fire exposure. There is a need to establish common methods and conditions for determining these mechanisms in order to compare different treatments. This would give us a better understanding of how these compounds work in action and would provide a more efficient approach for formulating fire-retardant systems than a trial and error approach. Correlations also need to be established between rapid precise thermal analysis methods and standard combustion tests. Retardant formulations could be evaluated initially on smaller (research and development size) samples. The more promising treatments could be tested for flame-spread index, heat release rate, and toxic smoke production. 

Eales, J.G., S.B. Brown, D.G. Cyr, B.A. Adams and K.R. Finnson. Deiodination as an index of chemical disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis and thyroidal status in fish. In Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment Standardization of Biomarkers for Endocrine Disruption and Environmental Assessment Eighth Volume, ASTM STP 1364, edited by D.S. Henshel, M.C. Black and M.C. Harrass, West Conshohocken, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 136-164, 1999. 

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