Environmental Issues Organic Pollutants

Keeping the same format as the first edition, the text begins with coverage of the basic principles underpinning the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants. It then describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants and explores future prospects. In the last section, the author discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text. 

The text is divided into three parts. The first deals with the basic principles underlying the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants the second describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants in reasonable detail the last discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text, and looks at future prospects. The groups of compounds represented in the second part of the book are all regarded as pollutants rather than simply contaminants, because they have the potential to cause adverse biological effects at realistic environmental levels. In most cases these effects have been well documented under environmental conditions. The term adverse effects includes harmful effects upon individual organisms, as well as effects at the level of population and above. 

The main objectives of this chapter are to (1) review the different modeling techniques used for sorption/desorption processes of organic pollutants with various solid phases, (2) discuss the kinetics of such processes with some insight into the interpretation of kinetic data, (3) describe the different sorption/ desorption experimental techniques, with estimates of the transport parameters from the data of laboratory tests, (4) discuss a recently reported issue regarding slow sorption/desorption behavior of organic pollutants, and finally (5) present a case study about the environmental impact of solid waste materials/complex... 

Environmental Protection Issues of 1996 required closure of 15 types of small-scale enterprises. The 2005 Guiding Catalog of Industrial Structure Adjustment issued by the State Development and Reform Commission classified more than 1,000 specific industries into categories of support, limitation, and phaseout. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were classified into the limitation or phase-out categories. 

The availability of pure water will certainly be one of the major environmental issues of the 21s1 Century. Water contamination can originate from domestic, agricultural, agroindustrial or industrial activities, and accidental damages. The major pollutants are heavy metals, radionuclides, ammonia, nitrates and organic compounds. Health problems are associated with each of them, such as leukaemia, saturnism..., as well as modifications of the eco-system, e.g. entrophication of lakes and rivers. The nature of water treatments obviously depends on the kind of contaminants, and zeolite-based processes are of great concern in this field. 

Solvents have the advantage that they serve as a relatively inexpensive means with which to deliver a functional material to a substrate. One of the major drawbacks in the use of solvent inks are environmental issues. The environmental issues are both workplace related lists of volatile organic compounds that have restricted concentrations in the workplace, and broader concerns as expressed in regulations such as the Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) hst that limits the amounts of specific compounds that can be emitted by an operation. In response to these concerns, many inks are now marketed with an environmental twist. 

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