Environmental Control Region

Schuck, E. A., and R. A. Papetti. Examination of the photochemical air pollution problem in the southern California area. Appendix D. In Technical Support Document for the Metropolitan Los Angeles Intrastate Air Quality Control Region Transportation Control Plan Final Promulgation. San Francisco U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX, Oct. 30, 1973. 19 pp. 

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Lake Hartwell PCB Study (9/10/1976). In Sangamo/Twelve-Mile/Hartwell PCB NPL Site Administration Record Region IV Waste Management Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pp 1.2.54-73. 

In order to control the air pollution, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) as required by the Clean Air Act. The emission quota is applied to major industrial pollutants and particularly to the sulfur oxides in an attempt to maintain the standards over an air quality control region. It is a regionalized and not an interstate control. The scientists at Argonne have put together a book which tells how to put together an emission control quota in a local region. 

These two features of corrosion—materials control and environmental control—meet in the very processes that occur at the interface, which is the critical region where corrosion reactions take place, but is also the least understood [65-68]. Hence, there is a strong mod-vation for developing the theoretical framework via which these reactions can be simulated, predicted, and, ultimately, controlled. 

Fujihira and coworkers extended PFM-AFM to adhesive force mapping on a patterned SAM [356-358]. In this mode of PFM-AFM, difference in the adhesive force between the —CH3 and —COOH terminated regions on the (xCP patterned SAM was mapped simultaneously with its topographic image. To achieve the quantitative analyses of the adhesive forces for chemical differentiation on the patterned surface by PFM-AFM, accurate information about the tip and substrate geometries [359, 360] and chemical modification of the tip surfaces [361] as well as the precise environmental control, such as electrolyte concentrations [292, 362, 363], and humidity [364] are indispensable. Recently, Bohn and coworkers used PFM-AFM to map the adhesion force between an AFM tip and samples of -substituted alkanethiol monolayer terminated with —CH3 and —COOH prepared by gCP... 

USEPA. (1972). Federal Air Quality Control Regions. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Rockville, MD. 

It is unlikely that the NIR-DLs will permit measurement of all molecular trace constituents in the atmosphere with sensitivities sufficient for environmental control. New, room temperature operated lasers have been tested for trace measurements in mid-lR region. Potentially the most significant technology is quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs, see Section 22.2.2). Spectroscopic characteristics and noise properties of these structures enable measurements of trace impurities with LODs achieved using cryogenic Pb-salt lasers. 

Methyl bromide can be absorbed by organic solvents such as toluene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol. The resulting solution should be disposed of in a manner recommended by the State Pesticide Agency, Environmental Control Agency, or regional EPA office. 

Smelter location is often a crucial element underlying competitiveness. There may be important regional differences in labour, materials and energy costs and in the price and availability of raw materials. Closeness to consumers will have an influence on marketing and transport costs, but proximity to centres of population may aiso result in stricter environmental controls. 

For the secondary sector, international cost comparisons are probably less valuable, because relative performance as we have noted is more firmly based on specific local conditions with respect to scrap availability and cost. The tightness of environmental controls will also be important. Secondary lead smelters in Europe and the USA have already absorbed substantial costs associated with environmental compliance, and so are probably quite well-placed compared with producers in other regions. In addition, the larger average size of US (and to a lesser extent, European) secondary plants makes greater scale economies possible. Conversely in Japan (and most other countries), where small facilities predominate, unit operating costs are likely to be substantially higher for most plants. 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

Air pollution in the United States is regulated at federal, state, and local levels. Allowable concentrations of the major air pollutants are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the auspices of the Clean Air Act. States and localities implement pollution control plans in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Air Act in regions where air pollutant concentrations exceed the federal standards. Some states and localities have air pollution standards of their own, and in the past, such standards have occasionally been more stringent than those of the EPA. 

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