Environmental air monitoring

The Aerosol Sampling Station ASS-500 (produced by the Central Laboratory for Radiological-Protection, Warsaw, Poland) is used for routine environmental air monitoring. The station is a stand-alone, all-weather instrument for continuous air aerosol collection. The high air-flow rate (up to 550 m h ) through a chlorinated vinyl... 

A widely used instmment for air monitoring is a type of ionization chamber called a Kaimn chamber. Surface contamination is normally detected by means of smears, which are simply disks of filter paper wiped over the suspected surface and counted in a windowless proportional-flow counter. Uptake of tritium by personnel is most effectively monitored by urinalyses normally made by Hquid scintillation counting on a routine or special basis. Environmental monitoring includes surveillance for tritium content of samples of air, rainwater, river water, and milk. 

Fig. 12-2. NO-NO2-O3 ambient concentration profiles from average of four Regional Air Monitoring Stations (RAPS) in downtown St. Louis, Missouri (USA) on October 1, 1976. Source RAPS, Data obtained from the 1976 data file for the Regional Air Pollution Study Program. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1976.

Accountants, administrators, agricultural commissioners, air monitoring, supervisors, coordinators (environmental health project, grants, quality assurance, special project and state implementation plan), grants analysts, officers (enforcement, hearings, staff services, technical services and training), supervisors, and technical advisors. 

Frequeney and types of air monitoring, personnel monitoring, environmental sampling teehniques, and instrumentation, along with methods for maintenanee and ealibration of equipment ... 

H.W. Biermann, Time-resolved air monitoring using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in Fumigants Environmental Fate, Exposure, and Analysis, ed. J.N. Seiber, J.A. Knuteson, J.E. Woodrow, N.L. Wolfe, M.V. Yates, and S.R. Yates, ACS Symposium Series No. 652, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 202-211 (1997). 

Exposure Levels in Environmental Media. Monitoring data were not located for diisopropyl methylphosphonate in ambient air. This chemical has been detected in surface and groundwater receiving effluent from the RMA (ATSDR 1996). It has also been detected in soil at the RMA. Since this chemical is not expected to be prevalent in the environment and exposure of the general population is not expected to be of concern, monitoring of ambient environmental media does not appear to be required. However, monitoring of environmental media such as groundwater and soil in the vicinity of the RMA has been conducted to help determine the potential for exposure. 

Figure 16 shows the experimental arrangement for the measurement of the surface pressure. The trough (200 mm long, 50 mm wide and 10 mm deep) was coated with Teflon. The subphase temperature was controlled within 0.1 C by means of a jacket connected to a thermostated water circulator, and the environmental air temperature was kept at 18 °C. The surface tension was measured with a Wilhelmy plate of platinum(24.5 x 10.0 x 0.15 mm). The surface pressure monitored by an electronic balance was successively stored in a micro- computer, and then Fourier transformed to a frequency domain. The surface area was changed successively in a sinusoidal manner, between 37.5 A2/molecule and 62.5 A2/molecule. We have chosen an unsaturated phospholipid(l,2-dioleoyl-3-sn-phosphatidyI-choline DOPC) as a curious sample to measure the dynamic surface tension with this novel instrument, as the unsaturated lipids play an important role in biomembranes and, moreover, such a "fluid" lipid was expected to exhibit marked dynamic, nonlinear characteristics. The spreading solution was 0.133 mM chloroform solution of DOPC. The chloroform was purified with three consecutive distillations. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The National Air Monitoring Program Air Quality and Emissions Trends. Annual Report. Vol. 1. Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, EPA-450/1-732-001-a. Research Triangle Park U.S. EnvironmenUd Protection Agency, 1973. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 2 air monitoring process, 6,127 data used to set air quality standards, 400-401... 

G.A. Eiceman, J.H. Kremer, A.P. Snyder and J.K. TofFeri, Quantitative assessment of a corona discharge ion source in atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry for ambient air monitoring. International Journal of Environmental Analayrical Chemistry 33 (1988) 161—183. 

Exposure Levels in Environmental Media. Because of the paucity of data on the levels of thorium in air, water, and food, there are conflicting reports on the importance of each medium to the total human dietary intake of this substance. Data on the levels of thorium in foods grown in contaminated areas, particularly in the vicinity of hazardous waste sites, are limited, and further development of these data will be useful. There is also a lack of air monitoring data around hazardous waste sites. 

Michael LC, Pellizzari ED, Perritt RL, et al. 1990. Comparison of indoor, backyard, and centralized air monitoring strategies for assessing personal exposure to volatile organic compounds. Environmental Science and Technology 24 996-1003. 

With analytical methods such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF), proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE), and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), many metals can be simultaneously analyzed without destroying the sample matrix. Of these, XRF and PEXE have good sensitivity and are frequently used to analyze nickel in environmental samples containing low levels of nickel such as rain, snow, and air (Hansson et al. 1988 Landsberger et al. 1983 Schroeder et al. 1987 Wiersema et al. 1984). The Texas Air Control Board, which uses XRF in its network of air monitors, reported a mean minimum detectable value of 6 ng nickel/m (Wiersema et al. 1984). A detection limit of 30 ng/L was obtained using PIXE with a nonselective preconcentration step (Hansson et al. 1988). In these techniques, the sample (e.g., air particulates collected on a filter) is irradiated with a source of x-ray photons or protons. The excited atoms emit their own characteristic energy spectrum, which is detected with an x-ray detector and multichannel analyzer. INAA and neutron activation analysis (NAA) with prior nickel separation and concentration have poor sensitivity and are rarely used (Schroeder et al. 1987 Stoeppler 1984). 

In the pharmaceutical industry, reduction and/or elimination of microbially nonviable particulates in the environmental air reduces the possibility of product contamination during processing. Particulate matter and microbial monitoring programs are necessary for areas where product quality can be affected by environmental conditions. 

ENVIRONMENTAL EXCURSION INVESTIGATION REPORT MICROBIAL AIR MONITORING OF INJECTABLE PLANT... 

Environmental control monitoring SOP No. All result of active air sampling settle plates RODAC plates, swabs and operator s gloved hand plates within the acceptance limit... 

Conduct a review of chemical agent disposal facility operations and records management for the ambient air monitoring for agent, and for exhaust stack and other waste stream emissions of agent and other substances of potential concern (SOPCs) that are characteristic of these facilities. Use Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and Environmental Protection Agency criteria for initial identification and evaluation of SOPCs. 

Exposure Levels in Environmental Media. With the exception of occupational air, monitoring data on the concentrations of elemental phosphorus in nonoccupational air, drinking water, and total diet were not located. The estimated value for the total human intake of elemental phosphorus from various environmental media is not available. 

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