Microbial monitoring

There are several methods of monitoring microbial-influenced corrosion. Some methods are as follows ... 

About 5 ml of sample is withdrawn for every 4-6 hours. The absorbance reading of the sample at 580 nm was measured using a Hitachi U-2000 spectrophotometer. The sample is filtered in a vacuum through Whatman filter paper with a pore size of 2.5 pin and diameter of 47 mm. The dry weight of cells is measured to monitoring microbial cell population and cell density. A plot of optical density reading from the spectrophotometer against cell dry... 

Yan X, Xu Z, Feng X et al (2007) Cloning of environmental genomic fragments as physical markers for monitoring microbial populations in coking wastewater treatment system 53 163-172... 

Watts, H. Lowe, C. Pollard Knight, D., Optical biosensor for monitoring microbial cells, Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 2465 2470... 

A useful approach to monitor microbial populations in the biotreatment of hazardous wastes involves the detection of specific sequences of nucleic acids by hybridization with complementary oligonucleotide probes. Radioactive labels, fluorescent labels, and other kinds of labels are attached to the probes to increase sensitivity and simplicity of the hybridization... 

United States, European, and Japanese pharmacopeia have described general requirements, specifications, and tests for monitoring microbial bioburden in nonsterile pharmaceutical products. Although there are minor differences in the expectations of the pharmacopeia, the general principles for microbial bioburden monitoring remain similar as described below. 

Thoms C, Horn M, Wagner M, Hentschel U, Proksch P (2003) Monitoring Microbial Diversity and Natural Product Profiles of the Sponge Aplysina cavernicola Following Transplantation. Mar Biol 142 685... 

Electronic noses provide new possibilities for monitor the state of a cultivation non-in-vasively in real-time. The electronic nose uses an array of chemical gas sensors that monitors the off-gas from the bioreactor. By taking advantage of the off-gas components different affinities towards the sensors in the array it is possible with the help of pattern recognition methods to extract valuable information from the culture in a way similar to the human nose. For example, with artificial neural networks, metabolite and biomass concentration can be predicted, the fermentability of a medium before starting the fermentation estimated, and the growth and production stages of the culture visualized. In this review these and other recent results with electronic noses from monitoring microbial and cell cultures in bioreactors are described. 

Trifiro, A., Saccani, G., Gherardi, S., et al. 1997. Use of ion chromatography for monitoring microbial spoilage in the fruit juice industry. ]oumal of Chromatography A 770 243-252. 

Bioluminescence-Based Assay in Monitoring Microbial Burden... 

Design of Hybridization Probes and their Application to Monitoring Microbial Communities... 

Watts H J, Lowe G R and Pollard-Knight D V 1994 Optical biosensor for monitoring microbial cells Anal. Chem. 66 2465-70 Vo-Dinh T, Alarie J P, Johnson R W, Sepaniak M J and Santella R M 1991 Evaluation of the fiber-optic antibody-based fluoroimmunosensor for DNA adducts in human placenta samples Clin. Chem. 37 532-5... 

Monitoring microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by attenuated total... 

Comment 4 Environmental air, countertops and other hard surfaces, and wash sinks should be sampled on a regular basis to determine both species and population numbers of microorganisms in these areas [1,22]. Normal environmental population numbers should be established, monitored, and controlled. One of the most effective ways to monitor microbial population numbers is to utilize quality control charts for each sampling area [24] that is, environmental samples taken at the various sites (e.g., wash sink, soap tray, wash sink water control knobs, service counter A, etc.) should be analyzed [1],... 

Dot blot hybridization has been used to monitor the alkB gene in n-alkane-degrading bacterial isolates [126]. The gene was shown to be widely spread among short-chain alkane degraders. Dot blot hybridization is also suitable for monitoring microbial communities after a bioremediation process [127]. 

Fluorescence is similarly used for monitoring microbial activity. Chlorophyll fluorescence is widely used to monitor cyanobacteria or algae, while the incorporation of genes encoding for green fluorescent protein (gfp) or other fluorescent probes allows a wide variety of cell types to be monitored this way. Most conveniently, the cells are coupled to a fluori-meter using an optical fiber cable. 

At the University of Tennessee s Center for Environmental Biotechnology, researchers are developing wireless biosensors that can be used to monitor microbial contamination and radiation exposure in future manned space missions. The researchers are using bioluminescent biosensor organisms built directly onto wireless integrated circuits. They call them Bioluminescent Bioreporter Integrated Circuits (BBIC). Bioluminescent... 

Monitoring microbial populations and screening efficacy of biocontrol agents... 

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