Environmental Aerosols

TABLE III. Alpha Dose in mGy/WLM for Males. Environmental Aerosol. Breathing Pattern and Specific Conditions,... 

Friedbacher, G., M. Grasserbauer, Y. Meslmani, N. Klaus, and M. J. Higatsberger, Investigation of Environmental Aerosol by Atomic Force Microscopy, Anal. Chem., 67, 1749-1754 (1995),... 

Atmospheric aerosols are complex mixtures of particles derived from diverse sources. Soot from diesel engines, fly ash from coal combustion, and sulfates, nitrates, and organic compounds produced by atmospheric reactions of gaseous pollutants all contribute to the aerosol. Particle size and composition depend upon the conditions of aerosol formation and growth and determine the effects of atmospheric aerosols on human health, ecosystems, materials degradation, and visibility. Much of the research on environmental aerosols has focused on fine particles ranging from a few micrometers in... 

Figure 1. Size and time scales of interest for environmental aerosols.

Pirjola L, O Dowd CD, Brooks IM, Kulmala M (2000) Can new particle formation occiu in the clean marine boundary layer J Geophys Res 105 26531-26546 Pitchford ML, McMurry PH (1994) Relationship between measitred water vapor growth and chemistry of atmospheric aerosol for Grand Canyon, Arizona, in winter 1990. Atmos Environ 28 827-839 Pope CA (2000) What do epidemiologic findings tell us about health effects of environmental aerosols J Aerosol Med 13 335-354... 

Morawska L (2003) Environmental aerosol physics. Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane Queensland, http //www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/transcript/aerosol2.pdf. Cited 15 May 2007... 

Variations in peak shape and location between the measurements taken at 10 and 180 min after the introduction of cigarette smoke to an experimental chamber are presented in Fig. 6 [53]. It can be seen that during the latter measurement, the ETS peak is still clearly distinguishable from the background environmental aerosol spectrum and its location is shifted towards a larger size compared with the initial location. 

Su, Y.Y., Li, Z.M., Li, M. et al. (2014). Development of aerosol sample introduction interface coupled with ICP-MS for direct introduction and quantitative on-line monitoring of environmental aerosol. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 48, 99-107. 

In the past, a combination of several analysis techniques has often been applied to environmental aerosols because one technique can normally not give all requested answers. E.g. bulk elemental analysis by XRF or particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) or inductively-coupled mass or emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/ICP-OES) is often combined with ion chromatography (IC) to assess the soluble ions, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for some organics, aethalometry for ambient soot determinations and gravimetry for aerosol mass per m. ... 

As iodine ( I) was mainly (about 80%) present in the gas or vapour phase, the adsorption of gaseous species onto aerosol particles was strongly surface correlated (Papastefanou and Bondietti, 1987). These surface distributions for environmental aerosols usually peak at size fractions with particle diameters <0.4 pm (Seinfeld, 1986 Whitby et al., 1972). Therefore,... 

Mogili, P.K., Kleiber, P.D., Young, M.A., Grassian, V.H. Heterogeneous uptake of ozone on reactive ctnnponcaits of mineral dust aerosol an environmental aerosol reaction chamber study. J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 13799-13807 (2006)... 

Table 1 Typical Particle Number Concentration for Different Categories of Environmental Aerosols...

Marine aerosols are probably the best characterized environmental aerosols in terms of the physical and chemical particle properties. Several studies have been performed to measure the number-size distributions over the Pacific and Atlantic... 

Because of the large uncertainties over the problem of indirect forcing, environmental aerosol research will focus mainly on the quantification and verification of the direct forcing in the near future, and concrete results on direct forcing are expected within a few years. The understanding of indirect forcing, however, will require substantial basic research. Sensitivity studies in the field and in the laboratory must be coupled with cloud process models, including cloud microphysics and aqueous-phase chemistry. 

Beyond the first step of process studies and investigations of the spatial and temporal variability of the aerosol, further research must lead to appropriate parameterization of the environmental aerosol to improve global models (53). 

Brand P, Ruoh K, Gebhart J. Performance of a mobile aerosol spectrometer for an in situ characterization of environmental aerosols in Frankfurt city. Atmos Environ... 

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