Environment and asset

In Example 4.9, the safety function requires a SIL 2 system. It is required to establish if the available architecture can achieve SIL 2. 

For this analysis, a 1-year proof-test interval and an 8-h MTTR have been assumed. 

Process engineering and design using Visual Basic 

This indicates that the existing hardware is not adequate to maintain SIL 2. Modification 1 

In this modification, it is assumed that the proof-test interval will be reduced from 1 year to 6 months. The estimated values will be 

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Table III/1.6-1 Qualitative Estimate of Impact on People, Environment, and Asset...

The purpose of risk management is to ensure that adequate measures are taken to protect people, the environment, and assets from harmful consequences of human activities. The extent to which risk reducing measures are justified depends on the balance between costs and benefits in terms of safety gains (Aven Renn, 2009). 

Are the routines for systematic identification and evaluation of risks to personnel, environment and assets adequate ... 

All three versions of the risk graph can have the same basic layout but for environment and asset loss the parameter F, for exposure, is considered to be permanent and can be... 

Establish acceptance criteria for safety, including environment and asset loss. 

Category Financial Health and Safety Environment and Asset... 

The purpose of this exercise is to establish at what SIL this design needs to be maintained. As explained before, the SIL analysis will be conducted for all three different scenarios (1) financial, (2) health and safety, and (3) environment and asset. 

On the use of metrics for indicating safety, likelihood and consequence have a principal role and they form the two basic dimensions. When indicating risks, from historical facts and figures, simulations and knowledge, the likelihood and consequences can be established. The actual likelihood and consequence can never be derived exactly and they will always be based on perceptions of risks as discussed in Chapter 1. This perception of risks will in this Chapter be referred to as the perceived risks , which is the defined as the (perceived) likelihood and the perceived consequences of an event. The Sis attempt to indicate this perceived safety related risk in terms of the perceived likelihood and the perceived safety-related consequence of an event. For reasons of clarity the term risk will refer to the perceived safety related risk and consequences will refer to the perceived safety related consequences in the remainder of this Chapter. The consequences are always based on people s perception of how great the damage to people, environment, or assets might be. The likelihood of an event will sometimes be estimated (perceived). 

While less protection may initially reduce the capital investment and the ongoing maintenance costs, the additional risk to company assets, employees, the environment, and the public could be substantial. The potential for escalation increases due to the lack of fire protection systems. Should a company choose less protection, potential adverse affects such as damage to reputation, increased insurance costs, loss of business and customers, as well as possible charges of criminal negligence could become a factor in the event of an incident. 

Risk Management—Systematic application of management policies, procedures, and practices that analyze, assess, and control risk in order to protect employees, the public, the environment, and company assets while avoiding business interruptions. It includes decisions to use suitable engineering and administrative controls for reducing risk. ... 

This study demonstrates high efficacy and expediency of the TCNQ derivative-based point-contact multistracture as a prospective asset for development of new sensors. The complex character of the sensors response curve and correlation of some response characteristics with different pathological manifestations in human breath, may be further used as a noninvasive diagnostic method alternative to some invasive approaches currently routinely used in clinic. The need for reliable and feasible gas analysis methods functional in presence of atmospheric air, opens opportunities for application of the proposed sensor technique in other spheres of human activity. High sensitivity of the point-contact multistructure enabling analysis of composite gas mixtures, opens up wide possibilities to apply the demonstrated approach for environment and health protection, such as detection of trace amounts... 

The use of catalysts for exploiting renewable energy sources, producing clean fuels in refineries, and minimizing the by-product formation in industry also fall within the definition of environmental catalysis. In the future, the continuous effort to control transport emissions, improve indoor ah quality, and decontaminate polluted water and soil will further boost catalytic technology. All in all, catalysts will continue to be a valuable asset in the effort to protect human health, the natural environment, and the existence of life on Earth. 

Chemicals handled in the sulphur-iodine cycle are known to be quite corrosive, especially at the high temperatures and pressures that are used in the flow sheets for better efficiency. However, corrosion-resistant materials do exist for each environment, and some, such as Ta or SiC, seem to present an excellent overall behaviour, which will be an asset to resist actual operating conditions, with cross-contamination between the different sections. 

In compiling this data, the philosophy of Plastics Design Library is to provide as much information as is available. This means that complete information for each test is provided. At the same time, an effort is made to provide information for as many exposure environment and plastic combinations as possible. Therefore, even if detailed test results are not available (i.e. the only information available is that a material is resistant or has limited resistance), information is still provided. The belief is that some limited information serves as a reference point and is better than no information. Flexibility and ease of use were also carefully considered in designing the layout of the book. As a result, you ll find this reference publication to be a valuable resource and an asset in your work. 

Asset allocation decisions by credit quality are similar to those for the yield curve but with an added dimension. When spreads widen, typically the lowest rated credits widen the most, and the spread differential between the triple-A and triple-B rated bonds increase, the opposite happens in cases where spreads tighten. Therefore, a portfolio with lower credit risk will generally outperform in a spread widening environment and vice versa. 

Community awareness is essential to maintaining public confidence in the integrity of our operations. Emergency planning and preparedness are essential to ensure that, in the event of an accident, all necessary actions are taken for the protection of the public, environment, company personnel, and assets. 

The supreme principle of plant and process safety is to devise processes and plants such that they do not cause considerable dangers for man, environment and valuable assets [2]. This is to be achieved by a design based on the state of technology, respectively of safety technology, which is represented by numerous statutory regulations, standards, ndes and guidelines (cf. [3]). These refer to both the components of technical plants and to the plants themselves [4, 5]. 

Asset s age, operating environment and maintenance practice are important in the estimation of different failure modes (burning electric arc). Two age... 

Safety instrumented systems (SIS) are frequently used in the oil and gas industry to detect the onsets of hazardous events (e.g., gas leakages and high pressures) and to mitigate their consequences to humans, the environment, and material assets. Failure to do so can lead to major accidents and it is therefore of vital importance to monitor the performance of the SIS in the operational phase. 

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