Entero-insular axis

Ranganath LR The entero-insular axis Implications for human metabolism. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008 46(1) 43. [PMID 18020966]... 

Hormones related by the entero-insular axis which may be of significance for insulin release are CCK, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide (GLP). 

In Type-I diabetes, which is due to the loss of insulin-producing cells as a consequence of autoimmune disorders, substitution of insulin is the most important measure. However, merely to inject one daily dose is not an adequate therapy. Here, the objective is to mimic the daily variations in plasma insulin which are closely related to food intake. One such attempt which has improved microvascular complications is intensified insulino-therapy through multiple daily injections of insulin. Another approach is to develop techniques of islet transplantation and using a bioartificial pancreas. In the case of islet transplantation, tissues will not only respond to changes in blood glucose levels but also to hormones of the entero-insular axis. 

Ellis, P.R., Rayment, P. and Wang, Q. 1996. A physico-chemical perspective of plant polysaccharides in relation to glucose absorption, insulin secretion and the entero-insular axis, Proc. Nutr. Soc., 55 881-898. 

Keywords Incretiii, glucagon-Mke peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), entero-insular axis, exenatide, liraglutide, vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, DPP-4. 

Activity of the Entero-Insular Axis and Incretin Hormones in Type 2-Diabetic Patients... 

Creutzfeldt W, Ebert R, Nauck M, Stockmann F. Disturbances of the entero-insular axis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1983 82(SuppL) 111-119. 

Hillebrand I, Boehme K, Erank G et al. Effects of the glycoside hydrolase inhibitor (BAY g 5421) on postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin and triglycerides levels in man. In Creutzfeldt W, editor. Frontiers of Hormone Research, the Entero-insular Axis. Basel Karger, 1979 7 290-291. 

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