Glucose absorption

When a-glucosidase activity is inhibited, carbohydrate digestion is prolonged and takes place further along the intestinal tract. This in turn delays and spreads the period of glucose absorption, which reduces the extent of the postprandial rise in blood glucose concentrations. The effectiveness of a-glucosidase inhibitors is dq en-dent on the consumption of a meal rich in complex carbohydrate. 

Increased peripheral utilization of glucose, increased insulin receptors and improved glucose absorption. (Hikino et al., 1988 Hikino and Hayashi et al., 1989 Masayoshi, 1987). 

Risk of obesity with excessive glucose absorption. 

Uhing, M. R., Kimura, R. E., The effect of surgical bowel manipulation and anesthesia on intestinal glucose absorption in rats, /. Clin. Invest. 1995, 95, 2790-2798. 

Fruits and vegetables generally possess a high soluble DF/insoluble DF ratio that is associated with slow glucose absorption, high colonic fermentability, lower serum cholesterol levels, and enhancement of immune functions (McCleary and Prosky 2001). 

SDF content is high in fruits, vegetables, and legumes and is associated with colonic degradation and high fermentability, slow glucose absorption, enhanced immune functions, and lower serum cholesterol levels. IDF is predominant in cereals and legumes fermentation is slow and incomplete, and they have more pronounced effects on bowel habit. 

Castor oil is metabolized in the GI tract to an active compound, ricinoleic acid, which stimulates secretory processes, decreases glucose absorption, and promotes intestinal motility, primarily in the small intestine. Castor oil usually results in a bowel movement within 1 to 3 hours of administration. Because the agent has such a strong purgative action, it should not be used for the routine treatment of constipation. 

Kavin H, Levin NW and Stanley MM (1967) Isolated Perfused Rat Small Bowel—Technic Studies of Viability Glucose Absorption. J Appl Physiol 22 pp 604-611. 

Kurosaki Y, Yano K, Kimura T (1998) Perfusion cells for studying regional variation in oral mucosal permeability in humans. 2. A specialized transport mechanism in D-glucose absorption exists in dorsum of tongue. J Pharm Sci 87 613-615... 

Hannan, J. M. A., Ali, L., Khaleque, J., Akhter, M., Flatt, P. R., and Abdel Wahab, Y. H. A. (2006). Aqueous extracts of husks of Plantago ovata reduce hjrperglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes by inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption. Br. J. Nutr. 96,131-137. 

T Pancreatic insulin release Metformin Peripheral insulin sensitivity hepatic glucose output/production i intestinal glucose absorption Dose Ist-line (naive pts), 1.25/250 mg PO daily-bid 2nd-line, 2.5/500 mg or 5/500 mg bid (max 20/2000 mg) take w/ meals, slowly T dose hold before 48 h after ionic contrast media Caution [C, -] Contra SCr >1.4 mg/dL in females or >1.5 mg/dL in males hypoxemic conditions (sepsis, recent MI) alcoholism metabolic acidosis liver Dz Disp Tabs SE HA, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, anorexia, N/V, rash Additional Interactions T Effects W/ amiloride, ciprofloxacin cimetidine, digoxin, miconazole, morphine, nifedipine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, triamterene,... 

Unlike thiabendazole, mebendazole (Vernwx) does not inhibit fumarate reductase. While mebendazole binds to both mammalian and nematode tubuhn, it exhibits a differential affinity for the latter, possibly explaining the selective action of the drug. The selective binding to nematode tubulin may inhibit glucose absorption, leading to glycogen consumption and ATP depletion. 

Thus, it delays carbohydrate digestion, prolongs digestion time and reduces the rate of glucose absorption thereby lowering postprandial hyperglycemia. 

---