Enlightenment

We thank Professor S. Shaik, Professor B. Dick, Professor L, S. Cederbaum, and Dr. W. Fuss for many enlightening discussions and suggestions, This research was supported by The Israel Science Foundation founded by The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and partially by The VolkswagenStiftung. The Farkas Center for Light Induced Processes is supported by the Minerva Gesellschaft mbH,... 

We are indebted to Professor Bernhard Dick for drawing our attention to these results, and for an enlightening discussion. 

At the conference we will enlighten two of the main projects carried out by the ECTN Association. 

The full technical details of these processes are beyond the scope of this book (see Further reading for further enlightenment), but it is worth having a slightly closer look at them to get a feel for the engineering context in which each is used. 

Where usefjl, actual examples will be given and computer simulated experiments will be shown. In general, references to real life cases from the author s experience will be made available, when possible, to enlighten the subject. 

In considering either multiple payments or cash into and out of a company, the present values are additive. For example, at 6 percent interest, the present value of receiving both 1,000 in one year and 1,000 in three years would be 943.40 + 839.62 = 1,783.06. Similarly, if one were to receive 1,000 in one year, and pay 1,000 in 3 years the present value would be 943.40 - 839.62 = 103.78. It is common practice to compare investment options based on the present-value equation shown above. We may also apply one or all of the following four factors when comparing investment options Payback Period Internal Rale of Return Benefit-to-cost Ratio and Present Value of Net Benefit. But as we will see later, it is rate of return that is usually the most enlightening when considering an investment. 

Three major themes have been emphasized in this chapter. The first is that an effective data collection system is one of the most powerful tools available to minimize human error. Second, data collection systems must adequately address underlying causes. Merely tabulating accidents in terms of their surface similarities, or using inadequate causal descriptions such as "process worker failed to follow procedures" is not sufficient to develop effective remedial strategies. Finally, a successful data collection and incident investigation system requires an enlightened, systems oriented view of human error to be held by management, and participation and commitment from the workforce. 

It has been said that God created an organism especially adapted to help the biologist find an answer to every question about the physiology of living systems if this is so it must be concluded that pyridoxal phosphate was created to provide satisfaction and enlightenment to those enzymologists and chemists who enjoy pushing electrons, for no other coenzyme is involved in such a wide variety of reactions, in both enzyme and model systems, which can be reasonably interpreted in terms of the chemical properties of the coenzyme. Most of... 

Aufklaning, /. clearing up, elucidation information explanation enlightenment, aufkleben, aufkleistem, v.t. paste on paste up. 

The scientific method has been successfully used throughout human history to enlighten us to our natural world and beyond. Since the earliest days there have been... 

The delocalization of molecular orbitals lies at the heart of modern chemistry. The concept that the tt orbitals of benzene or naphthalene cover the entire carbon skeleton promoted the successful understanding of conjugated molecules. The work of R. Hoffmann and others has proven that in saturated molecules [Pg.1]

Once dry and dressed, I was still curious, so I wrote a letter to the manufacturer asking why there was salt in my shampoo. I received a surprisingly enlightening response from the company. Someone there had actually discussed the issue with a chemist and sent back to me an answer that made sense. 

For all likely operating conditions, (ie., for t < X), the appropriate values of the concentration and the polymerization rate constant are the values calculated at t = t ( 2). To prove this, the exit age distribution function for a backmix reactor was used to weight the functions for Cg and kj and the product was integrated over all exit ages (6). It is enlightening at this point to compare equation 18 with one that describes the yield attainable in a typical laboratory semibatch reactor at comparable conditions. ... 

However, when an electron-withdrawing group, e.g., a trifluoromethyl group, is attached to the anilines this procedure is not applicable. A way to circumvent this problem was enlightened by Glasnov et al. [53] who treated the malondianilide 14 with Eaton s reagent, a 7.7% solution of phosphorus pen-toxide in methanesulfonic acid (a. Scheme 6) [54]. This reaction is, however, sensitive to time, temperature, and concentration. More reactive malondian-... 

Later on the crucial role played by the solvent was enlightened in the protease-catalyzed resolution of racemic amines [26]. As shown in Table 1.3, the ratio of the initial rates of acylation of the (S)- and the (Ji)-enantiomers or racemic a-methyl-benzylamine (9) varied from nearly 1 in toluene to 7.7 in 3-methyl-3-pentanol. Similarly, the same authors found a significant solvent effect for the subtilisin-catalyzed transesterification of racemic 1-phenylethanol (10) using vinyl butyrate as acyl donor (Table 1.4 [27]). 

Acknowledgements The author is indebted to Professor Ralf Steudel for many enlightening discussions and his encouragement through the years. This work was supported by the National University of Singapore. 

This work has benefited from enlightening discussions with Prof. B.T. Pickup, Prof. J. Delhalle, and Dr. C. Barbier. B.C. would like to take this opportunity to thank the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research for his successive Research Assistant, Senior Research Assistant and Research Associate positions. 

The author thanks the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research of the USA for partial support. He has been motivated in this work by enlightening conversations with Yngve Ohrn. 

Manifestoes, the Fama Fmternitatis (Kassel, 1615) and the Confessio (Kassel, 1616), declared their adherence to the reformed faith, but in the Confessio they also praised the value of the esoteric arts and placed them on the same level of importance as the Bible. Eventually they were to produce an alternative to the established Churches in a private form of spirituality. This psychological need for a personalised faith was one of the currents contributing to tbe Enlightenment project of a society based on secular values. ... 

For the statement of allegiance to Protestantism in the Fama Fratemitatis, see Yates, Roskrucian Enlightenment (1986), 249. 

Joscelyn Godwin, The Theosophical Enlightenment (State University of New York, 1994). 

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