Enhancement/weaponizing

D. Areas of radiation contamination cannot be determined by aerial reconnaissance. Significant prompt radiation occurs only within the area of severe blast damage for ground bursts. Radiation from large enhanced weapons exploded above the surface (airburst) would cause radiation injuries... 

C. Neurovascular Syndrome. The neurovascular syndrome is associated with absorbed doses in the supralethal range and would be seen quite rarely since heat and blast effects would cause immediate lethality in most situations where the required very high radiation doses would be sustained. Exceptions could occur in aircrews exposed to prompt nuclear radiation from high altitude detonations and personnel protected against heat and blast in hardened sites below the surface or personnel in vehicles or shelters in the proximity of enhanced weapons detonations. The latent period is very short varying from several hours to 1 to 3 days. 

Separation of 6Li from natural abundance (7.4%) feed to synthesize 6LiD (an important component of the fuel used in hydrogen fusion weapons (hydrogen bombs)). This, because the (n,T) cross section for 6Li is much larger than that of 7Li, so production of tritium is much enhanced in the triggering explosion. 

Riley, L.B. Comment, Concealed Weapons Detectors and the Fourth Amendment The Constitutionality of Remote Sense-Enhanced Searches, 45 UCLA L. Rev. 281 3006-07 (1997). 

According to the court The ordinance defines assault weapon as any one of thirty-four specific rifles, three specific shotguns and nine specific pistols, or [ojther models by the same manufacturer with the same action design that have slight modifications or enhancements. ... The plaintiffs claimed that because the law referred only to specific models by specific manufac-mrers (or possible future models by the same manufacturers), it was an un-constimtional bill of attainder. (A bill of attainder is a law that punishes specific individuals without trial.) The plaintiffs also argued that the law was unconstitutionally vague. 

The U.S. government under President Nixon formally renounced any intention to use CBW weapons offensively. However, the United States has continued to devote resources to passive and active defensive measures against such weapons. Passive defenses include enhanced detection of CBW agents, decontamination, and physical protection of individuals and units. Active measures include the medical treatment of exposed individuals, mainly by pharmaceuti-... 

Other specific types of nuclear weapons are commonly referred to by their names such as neutron bombs (enhanced radiation weapons), cobalt bombs and salted bombs. The atomic bomb was the first nuclear weapon to be developed, tested and used. It was developed under the direction of American physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904—1967) and implemented toward the end of World War... 

Ethylene oxide is an important fuel for FAEs and has proved its potential as one of the best fuels for them. It has wide explosive limits and low boiling point (10.5 °C) which facilitates its vaporization faster at room temperature and results in the formation of a cloud with air which is detonated. However, EO has a tendency to polymerize during storage thereby decreasing its shelf-life as well as the performance of EO-based weapons. The phenomenon of polymerization of EO, effect of temperature and materials of construction of weapons on polymerization and retardation of EO polymerization by the addition of well-known anti-oxidants have been studied by Agrawal et al. [293]. The addition of anti-oxidants retards EO polymerization and enhances the shelf-life of EO but does not meet the requirements of the Services, stipulating a shelf-life of minimum 10 years for... 

In the initial stages, the end use of n-Al was largely dominated by defense-related applications. Small caliber primers for defense munitions, additives for solid and hybrid rocket propellants, enhanced lethality explosives and pyrotechnics and thermite-based weapons are some typical military applications of n-Al powder. The use of n-Al powder has also been reported for some civil applications such as fireworks, automotive inflators and airbag initiators as well as drilling and oil exploration. 

In a nutshell, the performance of weapons and munitions increases with the use of nanosized particles because of the increased surface area and enhanced heat transfer resulting in reduced ignition delay, burn time, improved mechanical properties and high density-specific impulse. Further, formulations based on micron-sized materials with a wide distribution suffer from defects such as slow energy release, incomplete combustion and inability to support rapid combustion which can be overcome with the use of nanoparticles or nanomaterials [102]. 

How can gun crews be trained to enhance the battlefield effectiveness of their weapons ... 

Obviously, different system analyses must be applied, or the predictions from the analyses viewed in different ways, to help answer all of the foregoing questions. An analysis which determines which weapons are most effective for a spectrum of military targets probably will have little bearing on how to train gun crews to enhance battlefield effectiveness. Similarly, it is very unlikely that an analysis designed to determine how many rounds are needed to defeat a specific target will answer directly the questions... 

Further improve proliferation resistance (PR) and safety. The essential elements to enhance nonproliferation of nuclear weapons or to suppress harmful usage of nuclear power are to (i) decrease the global inventory of separated fissile nuclides, including the existing warheads (ii) make the... 

For thermobaric weapons (also known as EBX = enhanced blast explosives), in addition to a conventional explosion, a flammable substance (usually Al), with little or no oxidizer (e.g. oxygen) distributed in the air detonates immediately as a result of the explosion. This post-detonative reaction ( fireball of Al with air) usually occurs within jus after the detonation of the high explosive. This causes the effect of the original explosion to be magnified which results in an even larger heat... 

It is noteworthy that the assistance and protection provisions in Article X provide for a variety of mechanisms to deal with possible future CW threats, no matter how they might come about. The CWC not only establishes the right of States Parties to protect themselves against chemical weapons but calls for enhanced cooperation between the parties in the area of exchanging equipment, material and information needed for protective purposes and requires the Organisation as a whole to help States Parties improve their protective capacity and to provide assistance to those States Parties that are not in a position to acquire protection for themselves, by the coordination and delivery of such protection under procedures of the Organisation. ... 

See Jonathan B. Tucker, The Chemical Weapons Convention Has It Enhanced U.S. Security , Arms Control Today 31 3 (April 2001), pp. 8, 11-12 Kerry Boyd, Six-Year-Old CWC Passes Some Tests and Fails Others , Arms Control Today 33 3 (April 2003), p. 43. 

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