Enhanced blast explosives

For thermobaric weapons (also known as EBX = enhanced blast explosives), in addition to a conventional explosion, a flammable substance (usually Al), with little or no oxidizer (e.g. oxygen) distributed in the air detonates immediately as a result of the explosion. This post-detonative reaction ( fireball of Al with air) usually occurs within jus after the detonation of the high explosive. This causes the effect of the original explosion to be magnified which results in an even larger heat... 

For thermobaric weapons (also known as EBX = enhanced blast explosives), in addition to a conventional explosion, a flammable substance (usually Al), with... 

The US Air Force formulation designated as AFX 644 (based on TNT and NTO and also referred to as TNTO IV) is used for low-vulnerability General Purpose (GP) bomb. AFX-644 is a melt-cast, wax desensitized nitrotriazolone (NTO)-based explosive formulation which employs TNT as an energetic binder and aluminum powder to enhance blast performance. TNT, NTO, wax and A1 powder are mixed in proportions of 30,40,10 and 20% respectively and meets the United Nations ... 

Federal law regulates the sale of explosive-grade ammonium nitrate, which is used for 95 percent of all commercial blasting in road construction and mining. However, the wide availability of large quantities of ammonium nitrate and other substances that enhance its explosive power make it possible for anyone who is so-inclined to construct a bomb. The bomb that destroyed the federal building in Oklahoma City is estimated to have contained 4000 pounds of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil, which was set off by another small explosive device. 

A deflagration can best be described as a combustion mode in which the propagation rate is dominated by both molecular and turbulent transport processes. In the absence of turbulence (i.e., under laminar or near-laminar conditions), flame speeds for normal hydrocarbons are in the order of 5 to 30 meters per second. Such speeds are too low to produce any significant blast overpressure. Thus, under near-laminar-flow conditions, the vapor cloud will merely bum, and the event would simply be described as a large fiash fire. Therefore, turbulence is always present in vapor cloud explosions. Research tests have shown that turbulence will significantly enhance the combustion rate in defiagrations. 

Blast-enhanced fracturing uses explosives, such as dynamite, to fracture rock. The explosives are placed in holes and detonated. The main purpose is to create more pathways for polluted groundwater to reach wells drilled for pump-and-treat cleanup. 

Directional Venting. Most vented explosion safety structures are designed with blowout wall panels, entire walls, entire roofs, or even the entire roof and one wall. Other walls and roofs in the structure are designed to withstand a worst-case explosion without catastrophic failure. The explosion-proof parts of the structure provide some close-in blast protection, and hopefully complete protection from fragments and thermal radiation. But blast in the venting directions is not always attenuated compared to free-field blast and can even be enhanced in certain directions. 

A new insensitive, cast-cured PBX called -135, has been developed in order to meet the requirements of US Navy s Insensitive Munitions Advanced Development Programfor High Explosives (IMAD/HE). PBXIH-135 has enhanced internal blast performance, improved non-vulnerability and penetration survivability characteristics compared with PBXN-109. Thermobaric explosives are required to defeat hard and deeply buried structures. PBXIH-135 thermobaric explosive which not only offers effective blast and thermal effects, but is also extremely insensitive to factors responsible for accidental detonation during transit or storage, may also be used for this purpose. 

Assuming a package of the products is surrounded by external fire,samples of the product packaged like the actual one were brought into a fire and kept there. Simultaneous explosion did not occur, the dispersion range of blasted samples (32g each) was less than 16m, and burning samples did not enhance combustion. 

Radiating (nuclear) weapons produce energy in the form of an explosive blast, in addition to gamma rays and neutrons that destroy unprotected tissue, particularly DNA. (Thus, mustard agents and T2 mycotoxin, because of their similar effects, are sometimes referred to as radiomimetic. ) Enhanced radiation warheads, or neutron bombs, minimize the destruction of materials while maximizing lethalities among enemy personnel. 

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