Engineering, viii

LaRoche, R. D. (2000). CFD in the process industries. Chemical Reaction Engineering VIII, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, Aug. 

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sect. VIII, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1995. 

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Pressure Vessels, 1995. 

In the United Kingdom all conventional pressure vessels for use in the chemical and allied industries will invariably be designed and fabricated according to the British Standard PD 5500 or the European Standard EN 13445 or an equivalent code such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code Section VIII (the ASME code). The codes and standards cover design, materials of construction, fabrication (manufacture and... 

Soong, C. H., Tuzla, K., and Chen, J. C., Experimental Determination of Cluster Size and Velocity in Circulating Fluidized Beds, Fluidization VIII, Engineering Foundation, pp. 219-227 (1995)... 

Kalogerakis, N., and Behie, L. A., Oxygenation Capabilities of New Generation Three Phase - Two Region Bioreactors for Microcarrier Cultures of Animal Cells, Fluidization VIII, (C. Laguerie, and J. F. Large, eds.), p. 441, Engineering Foundation, Tours, France (1995)... 

Individuals who display a deficiency of factor IX develop haemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease. Although its clinical consequences are very similar to that of a deficiency of factor VIII, its general incidence in the population is far lower. Persons suffering from haemophilia B are treated by i.v. administration of a concentrate of factor IX. This was traditionally obtained by fractionation of human blood. Recombinant factor IX is now also produced in genetically engineered CHO cells (Table 12.2 and Box 12.1). 

Haemophilia A is also known as classical and is caused by lack of factor VIII. It is now treated by replacement with factor VIII which, when prepared from human blood, was not without its problems. It is now prepared by genetic engineering. 

Along with the production of insulin, many other medical uses have been achieved for recombinant DNA. This includes the production of erythropoetin, a hormone used to stimulate production of red blood cells in anemic people tissue plasminogen activator, an enzyme that dissolves blood clots in heart attack victims and antihemophilic human factor VIII, used to prevent and control bleeding for hemophiliacs. These three important genetically engineered proteins were all cloned in hamster cell cultures. 

Testing, certification, and installation rules for relieving devices are extensive. Every chemical engineer responsible for the design or operation of process units should become very familiar with these rules. The pressure-relief-device paragraphs are the only parts of Sec. VIII, Division 1, that are concerned with the installation and ongoing operation of the facility, all other rules apply only to the design and manufacture of the vessel. 

Clinical trials have demonstrated excellent efficacy with recombinant human factor VIII concentrates available as Recombinate and Kogenate. These recombinant factor VIII products are purified from the cell culture of plasmids, not viral DNA-transfected hamster cells and therefore do not express viral sequences. The addition of human serum albumin for stabilization, constitutes the sole possible source for human viral contamination. More recently recombinant factor IX has been genetically engineered by insertion of the human factor IX gene into a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. It has been proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of patients with hemophilia B. 

To determine the fate of formaldehyde and formic acid in a coal mine, an unused shaft about 120 m long and 6 m2 in cross sectional area was selected for study. With a ventilation air flow of 190 m3/min and an engine exhaust flow of 1.5 m3/min, complete exhaust dispersion and dilution was observed in about 10 m. Samples collected in the mine air downstream of the diesel engine indicate no significant change in formic acid concentration at increasing distances from the engine (Table VIII). This is certainly not consistent with the loss of formaldehyde in the same interval. The mechanism for loss of formaldehyde is apparently not a gas phase oxidation to formic acid. Interaction with surfaces may be a more suitable explanation of the observed reduction in formaldehyde concentrations. 

United States of America A.S.M.E. -Code Section VIII, Div.2 and Div. 3 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Enforced in some States Div. 2 Defined strength data as listed in this code, Safety-factors are included in the defined strength data. Div. 3 0.2%-proof stress at working temperature /1.5-2 correlated with data for... 

Factor VIII -from blood fractionation [FRACTIONATION, BLOOD - PLASMIAFRACTIONATTON] (Vol 11) -gene for [GENETIC ENGINEERING - PROCEDURES] (Vol 12)... 

Table VIII summarizes major legislation which impacts the chemical industry with society s expectations for safe materials and a clean environment. The chemical engineer has a vital role to play in assuring that products meet these requirements.

RD Chen, A Greer, JM Hurley, AM Dean. Engineering secondary structure to invert coenzyme specificity in isopropylmalate dehydrogenase. In DR Marshak, ed. Techniques in Protein Chemistry VIII. New York Academic Press, 1997, pp 809-816. 

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