Engineering thermoplastics plastics

Sutker, B. J. Hollow Spheres for Engineering Thermoplastics. Plastics Compounding, pp. 61-66, Sept.-Oct. 1989. 

Aromatic polyethers are best characterized by their thermal and chemical stabiUties and mechanical properties. The aromatic portion of the polyether contributes to the thermal stabiUty and mechanical properties, and the ether fiinctionahty faciUtates processing but stiU possesses both oxidative and thermal stabiUty. With these characteristic properties as well as the abiUty to be processed as mol ding materials, many of the aromatic polyethers can be classified as engineering thermoplastics (see Engineering PLASTICS). 

Uses. A principal use of thionyl chloride is in the conversion of acids to acid chlorides, which are employed in many syntheses of herbicides (qv), surfactants (qv), dmgs, vitamins (qv), and dyestuffs. Possible larger-scale appHcations are in the preparation of engineering thermoplastics of the polyarylate type made from iso- and terephthaloyl chlorides, which can be made from the corresponding acids plus thionyl chloride (186) (see Engineering plastics). 

Extmded engineering thermoplastic stock can be treated like other building material ia that it can be machined, cut, and fastened. However, none of the engineering plastics can be considered a one-for-one substitute for metals or wood. For example, impact resistance must be considered, and glues, paints, etc, must be screened for chemical aggressiveness and adhesion capabiUty. 

Blend of (1) and (2) type categories mostly include the modification of engineering thermoplastics with another thermoplastic or rubber. PS-EPDM blends using a low-molecular weight compound (catalyst) Lewis acid have been developed [126]. Plastic-plastic blends, alloys of industrial importance, thermoplastic elastomers made by dynamic vulcanization, and rubber-rubber blends are produced by this method. 

The polymer is either produced in a bulk or a solution process. It is among the fastest growing engineering thermoplastics, and leads the market of reinforced plastics with an annual growth rate of 13% ... 

Nylon (Polyamide) PA is a crystalline plastic and the first and largest consumption of the engineering thermoplastic. This family of TPs are tough, slippery, with good electrical properties, but hygroscopic and with dimensional stability lower than most other engineering types. Also offered in reinforced and filled grades as a moderately priced metal replacement. 

Mobay/Bayer Design Manual Snap Fit Joints in Plastics, Mobay Engineering Thermoplastics Bulletin, Bayer Chemical Corp., 1990. 

This class of polyesters consists of four major commercial polymers and their copolymers, namely PET, PTT, PBT, and PEN (see Table 2.1). They compete for engineering thermoplastics, films, and fibers markets with other semicrystalline polymers, such as aliphatic polyamides, and for some other applications with amorphous engineering plastics such as polycarbonate. The syntheses of PET and PBT, detailed in numerous reviews and books,2-5 are described in Sections 23.2.2 and 2.3.2.1. 

J. C. Hedrick, N. M. Patel, and J. E. McGrath, Toughening of Epoxy Resin Networks with Functionalized Engineering Thermoplastics, in Rubber Toughened Plastics, K. Riew (Ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1993. 

Plastomer, a nomenclature constructed from the synthesis of the words plastic and elastomer, illustrates a family of polymers, which are softer (lower hexural modulus) than the common engineering thermoplastics such as polyamides (PA), polypropylenes (PP), or polystyrenes (PS). The common, current usage of this term is reshicted by two limitahons. First, plastomers are polyolehns where the inherent crystallinity of a homopolymer of the predominant incorporated monomer (polyethylene or isotactic polypropylene [iPP]) is reduced by the incorporahon of a minority of another monomer (e.g., octene in the case of polyethylene, ethylene for iPP), which leads to amorphous segments along the polymer chain. The minor commoner is selected to distort... 

Engineering polymers generally comprise a high performance segment of synthetic plastic materials that exhibit premium properties. In this paper, engineering thermoplastics developed for advanced applications, and particularly for enhanced thermal stability are considered. 

Report 49 Blends and Alloys of Engineering Thermoplastics, H.T. van de Grampel, General Electric Plastics BV. 

Connectors, switches, electric distributors, fuse boxes and other electric fittings need a subtle balance of electrical and mechanical properties, durability, cost and aesthetics. This broad field creates fierce competition not only between engineering thermoplastics and SMC/BMC for the main applications but also with polypropylene and polyethylene or PVC for the lower performance parts and, at the opposite end of the scale, with high-tech plastics such as polyetherketone, polyetherimide, liquid crystal polymers. .. For example, without claiming to be exhaustive ... 

Thermoplastics are predominant among the plastics used for the household, entertainment office appliance industry with styrenics pre-eminent, including polystyrene, high-impact polystyrene, EPS, ABS, SAN, ASA. .. followed by PP. Several engineering thermoplastics such as PA, PC, PBT, PPO and POM are also used. 

The growing market for birch control devices is driving the demand for tetrahydrofiirane while mothers milk substitutes create the gamma-butyro-lactone demand. Not really. Just checking to see if you re reading all this. Poly butylene terephthalate is an engineering thermoplastic being used in automobile and electrical components. Other minor uses include solvents, humectant, plasticizer, and pharmaceuticals. 

Nylon-6,6 was the first engineering thermoplastic and till 1953 represented the entire annual engineering thermoplastic sales. Plastic nylon-6,6 is tough, rigid, and need not be lubricated. It has a relatively high use temperature (to about 270°C) and is used in the manufacture of many items from hair brush handles to automotive gears. 

Since an understanding of the importance of any one process contributing to the failure in thermoplastics and the control over these processes is only partly attainable, a knowledge and understanding of the nature of endurance Hmits is of extreme importance for successful use of plastics, in particular engineered thermoplastics [27]. In terms of the failure type, polymer fracture may occur as a rapid extension of an initial defect, plastic flow of the matter and the thermally activated flow of the macromolecules. In all these cases, however, fracture is a localized phenomenon characterized by a large inhomogeneity of deformations. 

Many engineering thermoplastics such as nylon, high-impact PS, polyesters, and toughened plastics exhibit responses similar to those shown in the next two curves in Figure 3.3, designated ductile. Here the stress achieves a maximum called a yield stress at a specific strain. As strain increases beyond... 

Mixed esters, such as isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate and tcrt-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, are also widely used as both plasticizers/flame retardants for engineering thermoplastics and hydraulic fluids.11 These esters generally show slightly less flame-retardant efficacy, when compared to triaryl counterparts however, they have the added advantage of lower smoke production when burned. Some novel oligomeric phosphate flame retardants (based on tetraphenyl resorcinol diphosphate) are also employed to flame retard polyphenylene oxide blends, thermoplastic polyesters, polyamides, vinyls, and polycarbonates. 

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