Endothelial cell viability

GROWTH FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO ENHANCED ENDOTHELIAL CELL VIABILITY... 

Polypyrrole-polyester (Milliken Style 205 doped with 1,5-naphthalenedisolfonic acid) fabric cellular responses were also investigated by Jakubiec et al. [119], who indicated that high levels of electrical conductivity (100-200 fl/square) was detrimental and resulted in low cell migration, proliferation, and endothelial cell viability. The coated textile system was shown to influence both the morphology and the function of mammalian cells in vitro. 

Cell attachment Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/graphene oxide (GO) scaffolds were fabricated via electro spinning. Higher fibroblast proliferation and endothelial cell attachment were observed on scaffolds with 0.5 wt% GO loading. In addition, oxygen plasma treatment also enhanced endothelial cell viability and adhesion significantly. Jing et al. Composition... 

Comparison of Endothelial Cell Viability in the Presence of Monocyte-mediated Co-PEA and Therapeutic PEA Degradation Products... 

The influence of mechanical forces on cell viability is of great importance when growing the cells in agitated systems. By far the greatest amount of work reported in the literature has been done on suspension cells but adherent cells also experience shear forces not only in bioreactors also in vivo. Therefore, most research has be done on endothelial cells but studies exists done on non-endothelial cells. The influence of shear forces on cell growth, morphology and productivity will be discussed as well as possibilities of making the cells more resistant. 

In addition to its effects on haematopoietic cells, GM-CSF can also affect the function of mature cells. GM-CSF treatment increases the survival, cytotoxicity and eicosanoid formation by eosinophils, and can increase the tu-mouricidal activity, cytokine expression, surface antigen expression and oxidative metabolism of macrophages. It is chemotactic for endothelial cells, can induce the proliferation of some tumour cells, stimulates histamine release from basophils and affects the viability and function of Langerhans cells. Its effects on mature neutrophils are described in 7.2.1, 7.3.4. 

The viability and function tests described above are used to evaluate the hepatocytes within the slice. Up to now, tests to measure the viability of the non-parenchymal cells have not been reported. The presence of the latter cell types is one of the conceptual advantages of slices as compared to isolated hepatocytes. As some drug targeting devices are designed to target non-parenchymal cells in the liver, the development of tests for the sinusoidal cell types deserves more attention. For example, the uptake of substrates such as succinylated human serum albumin (Suc-HSA,which is specifically endocytosed by endothelial cells [79]), or hyaluronic acid [80], can be used to assess the functionality of endocytotic pathways in the endothelial cells in the liver [81]. Other modified proteins that are specifically taken up by Kupffer cells such as mannosylated HSA, may be used to assess the functionality of the endocytotic pathway in Kupffer cells [79]. Another parameter which can be used to assess the functionality of these non-parenchymal liver cells, is the excretion of cytokines in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Non-parench5mal cell function in liver slices will be described in more detail in the Section 12.7. 

Nanoparticles formulated with PLGA have been shown to be rapidly uptaken by the endothelial cells, the uptake was shown to depend on the nanoparticle concentration and the particles where mainly shown to localize in the cytoplasm (207). These nanoparticles were also shown to be biocompatible with the cells with no effect on cell viability (207). This is important due to the fact that endothelium is an important target for gene therapy in a number of disorders including angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, tumor growth, myocardial infarction, limb and cardiac ischemia, restenosis (207). 

Godbey, W.T., Wu, K.K. and Mikos, A.G. (2001) Poly(ethylenimine)-mediated gene delivery affects endothelial cell function and viability. Biomaterials, 22, 471 180. 

A layer-by-layer microfluidics technology was used to construct a 3D microscale hierarchical tissue-like structure. For instance, three layers of tissues, fibroblasts (human lung), myocytes (smooth muscle cells), and endothelial cells (human umbilical vein) were cultured on top of each other using consecutive microchannel cell matrix delivery. Cell viability was confirmed by fluorescent staining [862]. 

Fig. 2. Comparison of viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture media treated with and without ATP-vesicles before and after 6 h of anoxia...

Controlling viability to cells and compatibility to tissues. For example, a hybrid artificial blood vessel consists of a gel vessel with its inner surface covered by endothelial cells, therefore, gels on which the endothelial cells are able to form a continuous monolayer should be developed. 

Fig. 9 Viability of human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical cord on RGD modified gels (here shown for Type B) monitored by the live/dead assay. Representative pictures shows live (fluorescein di-O-acetate, viable cells visible as light spots, left) and dead (propidium iodide, no dead cells visible, right) staining. Image after 1 day culture. Scale bar 200 pm...

S-allyl cysteine (SAC) may be useful for prevention of aUierosclerosis and can protect vascular endothelial cells from injury caused by oxidized LDL. Pulmonary artery endothelial cells pre-incubated with S-allylcysteine (0.1, 1, 10 and 20 mM) at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 h, washed, and then exposed to 0.1 m ml oxidized LDL for 24 h, significantly prevented membrane damage, loss of cell viability and lipid peroxidation. This indicates that SAC can protect vascular endothelial cells from injury caused by oxidized LDL, and suggest tiiat it may be useful for prevention of atherosclerosis [72]. 

S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), was susceptible to the growth-inhibitory influence of the two hormone-responsive cancer cell lines of breast and prostate MCF-7 and CRL-1740, respectively. The antiproliferative effect of SAMC was limited to actively growing cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells diat had reached confluence escaped the reduction in viability so noticeable in the cancer cell lines tested [80]. 

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