Endothelial cells function

A specific immunoassay for measuring two-chain factor VIIa levels in plasma has been developed to identify activation of factor VII in patients with acute coronary syndromes suchs as myocardial infarction and unstable angina (12). Because regulation of factor VIIa is believed to be mediated by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), its measurement is also useful in assessing thombotic and cardio-vasular disorders. Because TFPI is released by heparin, its measurement is also useful in assessing the efficacy of heparin and endothelial cell function (93). 

K. Hosoya, M. Tomi, S. Ohtsuki, H. Takanaga, M. Ueda, N. Yanai, M. Obinata, and T. Terasaki. Conditionally immortalized retinal capillary endothelial cell lines (TR-iBRB) expressing differentiated endothelial cell functions derived from a transgenic rat. Exp. Eye Res. 72 163-172 (2001). 

Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L et al (2009) In vitro assays for endothelial cell functions related to angiogenesis proliferation, motility, tubular differentiation, and proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 467 159-181... 

It will be later proposed that an ideal blood-contacting surface would be one on which endothelial cells could adhere and grow normally to create a complete endothelium endowed with the physiological functions of such tissue. But the correct expression of such physiological functions requires normal blood flow conditions. And the correlation of thrombosis with regions of disturbed flow suggests that shear stress may alter the production of endothelial cell-derived products and directly affect endothelial cell function. 

Godbey, W.T., Wu, K.K. and Mikos, A.G. (2001) Poly(ethylenimine)-mediated gene delivery affects endothelial cell function and viability. Biomaterials, 22, 471 180. 

Blann A, Seigneur M. Soluble markers of endothelial cell function. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1997 17 3-11. 

Investigations have shown that iron may contribute to endothelial cell function and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is believed that strong metal chelators such as deferoxamine (DFO) can counteract iron cation formation. The primary targets of iron chelators used for treating iron overload are prevention of iron ingress into tissues and its intracellular scavenging. 

White CR, Shelton J, Chen SJ, et al. Estrogen restores endothelial cell function in an experimental model of vascular injury. Circulation 1997 96 1624-1630. 

Gupta, S. K., Lysko, P. G., Pillarisetti, K., Ohlstei, E., and Stadel, J. M. (1998) Chemokine receptors in human endothelial cells. Functional expression of CXCR4 and its transcriptional regulation by inflammatory cytokines. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 4282 1287. 

Phlebitis can occur during parenteral administration of levofloxacin. High concentrations of levofloxacin (5 mg/ml) significantly reduced intracellular ATP content in cultured endothelial cells and reduced ADP, GTP, and GDP concentrations (14). These in vitro data suggest that high doses of levofloxacin are not compatible with maintenance of endothelial cell function and may explain the occurrence of phlebitis. Commercial formulations should be diluted and given into large veins. 

The hmitations of the preparation are ) autocoid production and vascular reactivity may be altered in vitro, 2) the absence of flow dynamics may alter endothelial cell function, 3) the small amount of tissue limits biochemical measurements, 4) isolated arterioles do not exhibit myogenic responses to changes in transmural pressure. 

BenignI A, Morigl M, Perico N, Zoja C, Amuchastegul CS, PIccinelll A, Donadelll R, RemuzzI G. The acute effect of EK506 and cyclosporine on endothelial cell function and renal vascular resistance. Transplantation 1992 54 775-780. 

Suttorp N, Fiber B, SeegerW etal. (1990) Effects of E coli hemolysin on endothelial cell function. In Infect Immun 58 3796-3801. 

In plasma, homocysteine is present as both free (< 1 %) and oxidized forms (>99%). The oxidized forms include protein (primarily albumin)-bound homocysteine mixed disulfide (80-90%), homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfide (5-10%), and homocystine (5-10%). Several studies have shown the relationship between homocysteine and altered endothelial cell function leading to thrombosis. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia appears to be an independent risk factor for occlusive vascular disease. Five to ten percent of the general population have mild hyperhomocysteinemia. 

However, they increase prothrombin time (PT) when used with warfarin and may possibly exert prothombotic effects via inhibition of endothelial cell function. Celecoxib is cross-allergenic with sulfonamides. Potential cardiotoxicity ... 

Ray R, Shah, AM. NADPH oxidase and endothelial cell function. Clin Sci 2005 109 217-26. 

NO in response to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxants such as acetylcholine and bradykinin without influencing the relaxant effect of NO itself. These studies are consistent with the view that enzymatically generated NO may play an important negative-feedback regulatory role on eNOS, and therefore on vascular endothelial cell function. 

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