Endocrine diseases/disorders

Obtain a thorough past medical history focusing on psychiatric disorders, cardiac disorders, endocrine disease, and renal insufficiency. 

OA is often divided into primary (idiopathic) and secondary disease (Table 55-1). Primary OA is the predominant form and occurs in the absence of a precipitating event. It may assume a localized, generalized, or erosive pattern. Localized OA is distinguished from generalized disease by the number of sites involved, whereas erosive disease is characterized by an erosive pattern of bone destruction and marked proliferation of interphalangeal joints of the hands. Secondary OA occurs when the disease is caused by congenital or developmental disorders or inflammatory, metabolic, or endocrine diseases. 

Cushing s syndrome (hypercorticism) is an endocrine hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood. Cushing s disease refers to one specific cause, a non-cancerous tumour (adenoma) in the pituitary gland that produces a large amount of ACTH, which in turn elevates cortisol. It can usually be cured by surgery. 

Diabetes and other metabolic diseases Diseases of the liver, biliary system and pancreas Endocrine diseases Genetic disorders... 

Although several chapters of this textbook detail a variety of endocrine disorders, a brief introduction is appropriate here. In general, endocrine diseases result from either a deficiency or an excess of a single hormone or several hormones, or from resistance to the action of hormones. Hormone deficiency can be congenital or acquired and hormone excess can be from endogenous overproduction (from within the body) or exogenous overmedication. Hormone resistance can occur at several levels, but can most simply be characterized as receptor mediated, postreceptor mediated, or at the level of the target tissue. The clinical manifestations will depend on the hormone system affected and the type of abnormality. 

Other Inflammatory Muscle Disorders Endocrine Myopathies Thyroid Disorders Adrenal Disorders Pituitary Disorders Parathyroid Disorders Pancreatic Disorders Drug-Induced and Toxic Myopathies Management of Muscle Disease... 

People who should not work with organophosphate insecticides are those with organic central nervous system disease, mental disorders, epilepsy, pronounced endocrine disorders, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, circulatory disorders, gastroenteric diseases, liver or kidney disease, and chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis (Medved and Kagan 1983). 

Medical disorders (e.g., chronic renal disease, anorexia nervosa, endocrine disorders)... 

Uncommon causes of diabetes (1% to 2% of cases) include endocrine disorders (e.g., acromegaly, Cushing s syndrome), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), diseases of the exocrine pancreas (e.g., pancreatitis), and medications (e.g., glucocorticoids, pentamidine, niacin, and a-interferon). 

Bone marrow failure Anemia of chronic disease Renal failure Endocrine disorders Myelodysplastic anemias... 

Endocrine or hormonal dysregulation (Addison s disease, Cushing s disease, hyper- or hypothyroidism, menstrual-related or pregnancy-related or perimenopausal mood disorders)... 

Endocrine disorders Adrenal Addison s disease and Cushing s disease Diabetes mellitus Parathyroid hyper-/hypo-Reproductive ovary/testicle failure Thyroid hyper-/hypo-... 

Endocrine disorders Thyroid hormone therapy in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus or insipidus or adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) exacerbates the intensity of their symptoms. 

Fever is common in, and often a sign of, infection irrespective of its cause. Other diseases, which cause fever, are tumours, non-infectious inflammations, endocrine disorders and thrombo-embolic disease. Drugs can cause fever, e.g. angiotension-II-antagonists, ACE inhibitors and phenytoin. 

Brown AS, GershonS Dopamine and depression. J Neural Transm 91 75-109, 1993 Brown D, Silverstone T, Cookson J Carbamazepine compared to haloperidol in acute mania. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 4 229-238, 1989 Brown CM Endocrine aspects of psychosocial dwarfism, in Hormones, Behavior, and Psychopathology. Edited by Sachar E. New York, Raven, 1975 Brown GR, RundeU JR A prospective study of psychiatric aspects of early HIV disease in women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 15 139-147, 1993 Brown GW, Harris TO Aetiology of anxiety and depressive disorders in an inner-city population, 1 early adversity. Psychol Med 23 143-154, 1993 Brown GW, Harris T, Copeland JR Depression and loss. Br J Psychiatry 130 1-18, 1977... 

It is contraindicated in cardiovascular disease causing hypertension, angina pectoris etc., endocrine disorders like hyperthyroidism, diabetes meUitus, prostate enlargement and concurrent use of MAO inhibitors. 

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