Endocrine disorders thyroid

Endocrine disorders Thyroid hormone therapy in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus or insipidus or adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) exacerbates the intensity of their symptoms. 

Other Inflammatory Muscle Disorders Endocrine Myopathies Thyroid Disorders Adrenal Disorders Pituitary Disorders Parathyroid Disorders Pancreatic Disorders Drug-Induced and Toxic Myopathies Management of Muscle Disease... 

Endocrine disorders (hypogonadism and pituitary, adrenal, and thyroid disorders)... 

Thyroid function studies may be performed to determine the presence of metabolic or endocrine disorders. 

Endocrine disorders Adrenal Addison s disease and Cushing s disease Diabetes mellitus Parathyroid hyper-/hypo-Reproductive ovary/testicle failure Thyroid hyper-/hypo-... 

Endocrine disorders Primary or secondary adrenal cortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the drug of choice synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids in infancy, mineralocorticoid supplementation is important) congenital adrenal hyperplasia nonsuppurative thyroiditis hypercalcemia associated with cancer. 

Although replacement therapy is basically limited to endocrine disorders, it still plays an important therapeutic role in clinical pharmacology. The number of people requiring replacement therapy for diabetes and hypothyroidism alone makes insulin and thyroid hormone among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the United States. For example, the drug Synthroid is taken daily by 8 million people to correct hypothyroidism, and its share of the market is worth 600 million per year. As more information is discovered about the role of other endogenous substances in the body, new examples of replacement therapy will occur. 

Q6 Other conditions that could be confused with anxiety include endocrine disorders such as thyroid problems and hypoglycaemia, autonomic disorders, drug/alcohol misuse and other CNS disorders such as panic disorder. 

Another consequence of the interdependent nature of the endocrine system is that manifestation of an endocrine disorder is virtually always associated with changes in synthesis or concentration of multiple hormones. For example, in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated rats, the decrease in thyroid... 

Hypothermia is often encountered in an elderly patient. It is important to establish if there is an underlying endocrine disorder such as thyroid disease, t>r even adrenal or pituitary hypofunclion (Fig. 3). 

The overriding intluenee of stress on die endocrine system makes the diagnosis of endocrine disorders in the critically ill patient very difficult. Ill patients may have hyperglycaemia. high scaini cortisol or abnormal thyroid hormone results. These could be misinterpreted as diabetes mellilus, Cushing s syndrome or thyroid disease. 

Q4 Excessive bleeding during the menstrual period is called menorrhagia. The blood loss reduces levels of iron in the body and may result in iron-deficiency anaemia. The causes of excessive bleeding could be inflammation, fibroids, endometriosis, cervical polyps, adenomyosis, ovarian tumours, intrauterine devices (IUDs), inherited clotting disorders, endocrine dysfunction, such as thyroid dysfunction, or mental stress. In terms of drug therapy, oral ferrous... 

Myopathy is the term used broadly for affections of the skeletal musculature, in which the muscular symptoms in no way arise from disordered function of the central or peripheral nervous system. Within this definition are included, therefore, such widely differing conditions as the polymyositis syndrome, endocrine myopathies associated with thyroid gland disorders, and the muscular dystrophies. 

Glinoer, D. (1997). The regulation of thyroid function in pregnancy Pathways of endocrine adaptation from physiology to pathology, f.tiiiocr. Ken JB, 404-433-Hetzcl, B. S., and Dunn, J, Y. (1989). The iodine deficiency disorders. Ari/iu, Rm Nutr, 9, 21-38. 

Mestman HH, Goodwin M, Montoro MM. Thyroid disorders in pregnancy. Endocrin Metab Clin North Am 1995 24 41-71. 

Other endocrine causes of infertility include exogenous androgens, thyroid disorders, adrenal hyperplasia, and testicular failure. Gynecomastia or obesity in the infertile male may signify elevated concentrations of estrogen and possibly testicular feminization syndrome (see earlier section on male reproductive abnormalities). ... 

Endocrine Diabetes increases risk of stroke, may worsen stroke outcomes, and causes peripheral neuropathy. Thyroid disorders may contribute to mental status changes. Is the patient postmenopausal, increasing stroke risk ... 

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