End-of-life phase

With regard to the end-of-life phase, there are different disposal routes for biodegradable plastics. 

Supply uncertainty Free exchanges of information - starting with the product development stage and continuing with the mature and end-of-life phases of the product life cycle - have been found to be highly effective in reducing the risks of supplier failure. 

In several applications, biobased PTT has product performance similar to that of Nylon 6, so the life cycle performance of Nylon is a useful benchmark. Considering the use and end-of-life phases of PTT and Nylon 6 are beyond the... 

Scenario 3 This phase would roughly comprise of post-2020 period. In this period, the key event expected to happen would be larger penetration of light emitting diode (LED)-based lamps as their prices would become competitive as compared to present prices of CFL. The prices of CFL as a result are expected to fall further. It is thus desirable to implement the master plan in phases, as when the LED lighting becomes affordable at competitive price, the off take of CFLs/FTLs would slow down and plateau out. As LED lamps do not contain mercury, the elaborate recycling system would not be required for the end-of-life LED lamps. 

It is however, desired to implement the master plan in phases, as when the LED lighting becomes affordable at competitive price, the off take of CFLs/FTLs would slow down and plateau out. As LED lamps do not contain mercury, the elaborate recycling system would not be required for the end-of-life LED lamps. 

Nike, Lego, Mattel, and Sony are some of the companies that have already phased-out PVC plastic. Ford, Peugeot, Daimler Benz, Opel, Volkswagen, BMW, Mercedes Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Toyota are all adopting PVC restrictions. These initiatives are driven by the EU Directive on End-of-Life Vehicles which requires automakers to meet reuse/recovery target of 85% of scrap vehicles by weight byJanuary 2006. 

Biodegradable products are designed for applications where the functional property of biodegradability is a sustainable feature and is of value to the customer. The products show their potential at the end-of-use phase. The preferred end-of-life option for biodegradable products made of Ecoflex is composting. To make sure... 

In the course of embryonic development, therefore, two different reconstruction processes are taking place in parallel, one at the cellular level and the other at the organism level. These two parallel processes, furthermore, are both discontinuous, because in each of them there is a crucial event which marks the end of one phase and the beginning of a new one. For a developing cell the crucial event is determination, the trauma that forever fixes its destiny for an embryo it is the appearance of the body plan, the pattern that determines for life the three-dimensional organisation of the body s organs. 

Resource Design Manufacture 1 Logistics - Marketing h Sale L Use phase/final consumption End Of life 1... 

All these approaches such as LCA, LCE, and Eco-Efficiency base upon the same product model. The product model, i.e. the value added-chain (= supply chain) of a product plus its use phase and end-of-life, is the backbone of any product life cycle study. Elementary flows, i.e. mainly resources withdrawn from the environment and emissions released to the environment, are linked to this backbone in the LCA. 

Primary data were collected for all foreground processes (e.g. farm, processing, transport, warehousing and distribution). The use phase was modelled based on literature data and background processes such as input materials, electricity, fuels, fuel combustion and end-of-life process were taken from GaBi LCA databases (PE, 2013). 

Ideally, garments need to be designed with all phases of the life cycle in mind so that they can remain in useful service longer and to maximize the likelihood that they will be diverted from the landfill at the end of life. This is not just about what materials are used to make garments, but also how they are constructed. 

The third phase of the paradigm change involves the design of products and planning of production to ensure that sustainability principles will be adhered to throughout the value chain. The same has to be demanded of the suppliers as well as the fabricators or distributors who interface with the corporate value chain. The entire life cycle of products from cradle to cradle will then be re-examined not only in terms of profitability but also from environmental and social perspectives. ReaUstic end-of-life... 

---