Free exchange

A totally enclosed machine is one so enclosed as to prevent the free exchange of air between the inside and outside of the case but not sufficiently enclosed to be termed air-tight and dust does not enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with satisfactory operation of the machine. 1.26.1a Totally Enclosed Nonventilated Machine (IP54, IC410)... 

A totally enclosed pipe-ventilated machine is a machine with openings so arranged that when the inlet and outlet ducts or pipes are connected to them there is no free exchange of the internal air and the air outside the case. Totally enclosed pipe-ventilated machines may be self-ventilated (air circulated by means integral with the machine (IC31)) or forced-ventilated (air circulated by means external to and not a part of the machine (IC37)). 

Proynov, E. I., A. Vela, and D. R. Salahub. 1994. Gradient-free exchange-correlation functional beyond the local-spin-density approximation. Phys. Rev. A 50, 2421. 

The canonical ensemble was developed as the appropriate description of a system in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings by free exchange of energy. Following the discussion of classical systems the density operator of the canonical ensemble is introduced axiomatically as... 

Atmospheric CO2 first moves through the stomata, dissolves into leaf water and enters the outer layer of photosynthetic cells, the mesophyll cell. Mesophyll CO2 is directly converted by the enzyme ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ( Rubisco ) to a six carbon molecule that is then cleaved into two molecules of phosphoglycerate (PGA), each with three carbon atoms (plants using this photosynthetic pathway are therefore called C3 plants). Most PGA is recycled to make ribulose biphosphate, but some is used to make carbohydrates. Free exchange between external and mesophyll CO2 makes the carbon fixation process less efficient, which causes the observed large C-depletions of C3 plants. 

The whole-cell configuration is achieved by breaking the cell membrane the buffer in the recording pipette is now in free exchange with the cytosol of the cells. 

This consideration of basic factors tends to oversimplify the technical problems that had to be solved before isomerization could become a successful commercial operation. Several processes resulted from largely independent work carried out in separate petroleum laboratories. As would be expected, each of these laboratories devised a somewhat different scheme—particularly in the case of butanes, which received the greatest amount of attention. A major share of the credit for the rapid commercialization of these processes can be traced to the free exchange of technical information and operating experience through the Isomerization Subcommittee of the wartime Aviation Gasoline Advisory Committee 12). 

We greatly appreciate many informative discussions with Mark Ratner. We also appreciate the free exchange of information with J. L. Peterson, L. F. Dahl,... 

Ibid., p. 287 cf. also p. 303 Liberal society may not stifle or suppress the free exchange of ideas and points of view. ... 

For professionals who work in the same setting, the rules around confidentiality are less clear, particularly when patient charts contain both medical and mental health notes. Treatment teams in the same setting could assume that a free exchange of information is allowed and necessary. We agree, but we also believe that making this policy explicit to the patient and family is important. Case notes are especially vulnerable to mishandling. For example, there is always a chance that mental health notes that are part of the medical record could be unintentionally released to a third party. If expectations are communicated and understood among the patient, family, therapist, and physicians, confidentiality need not impede collaboration (see Tables 10.3 and 10.4). Furthermore, collaboration need not violate confidentiality. 

Several years ago Caspar [11] proposed a parameter-free exchange potential in the ground-state theory. This method is applied to determine the... 

Loose association with the surface with free exchange with the gas phase. Even for crystalline materials, the periodic potential fields cannot be very great or else the... 

Approximate methods such as nonlocal polarizability density models or label-free exchange perturbation theory are useful near the minimum of the interaction potential and go beyond the classical DID model [77]. Several papers deal with effective polarizabilities in liquids [88, 95-98, 140, 152, 391] ionic melts [14, 15, 58] and solids [64, 66, 67, 137-139, 661-663]. The case of charge transfer in atomic collisions has also been considered [71]. 

The 96-well microplates containing the virus-infected cell cultures should always be closed with their lid on transfer to the incubator. They should also preferably be placed in a plastic box of which the lid has been left opened slightly to allow a free exchange of humidified air and C02, to ensure a constant temperature during incubation (in case the doors of the incubator are frequently opened and closed during the day), and to avoid direct HIV-containing medium spills in the incubator. 

H-mordenites with various Si/Al ratios (5.9 - 16.9) have proved to be active for the SCR of NO with CH4 in the 400-600 C temperature range. However, they suffered an irreversible deactivation after an incursion at 650°C for 1 h under reaction stream, due to a dealumination process. While acid dealumination only affects the free exchange of gaseous molecules between the main channels and the side-pockets (as seen by t29Xe NMR), the aluminum extracted from the lattice of the mordenite during the SCR of NOx at 650°C (without water vapor in the feed) also hinders the diffusive transport along the main channels. 

Fig. 2b. shows the spectra for the HM5.9F and HM5.9D samples. As stated above, for the fresh sample there is only one peak due to the coalescence phenomenon. However, for the used sample the peak corresponding to the side-pockets is also defined, and that of the main channels shifts to lower values of the chemical shift. This suggests that extra-lattice Al is reaccommodated during the chemical reaction, thus partially obstructing the Xe free exchange between the main channels and the side-pockets. This restriction may be one of the causes for the loss of activity of the catalyst. 

The framework-aluminum extracted during acid leaching is not fully washed under the conditions used in this work. Part of it remains inside the mordenitic side-pockets, partially obstructing the free exchange of gaseous molecules between the former and the main channels. 

For the encapsulation in confined volume strategy, the observation time is limited by the total amount of substrate molecules available in the enclosed chambers, and the catalysis ends when all substrate molecules are consumed. Therefore, it is desirable to have free exchange of reaction solutions. For the PDMS-based microchambers, one way is to couple the microchambers to microfluidic channels, which allow solution exchange and are controllable through pressure valves, as demonstrated by Collier and coworkers.75... 

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