Emulsion polymerization emulsifiers

The monomer can be polymerized either directly, that is undiluted (block or substance polymerization), or in the presence of a non-polymerizable solvent (solvent polymerization). In the first case there is a problem with dissipating the localized heat of reaction (traces of decomposition products result from overheating) and in the second case the solvent must be completely removed. Other possibilities are to suspend the monomers in dispersions, e.g. in water (suspension or pearl polymerization), or eventually using an emulsifier (emulsion polymerization). Emulsifiers and dispersants are considered to be processing aids for the production of polymers. 

There are an enormous variety of commercial emulsifiers that are employed in emulsion polymerization. Emulsifiers are generally categorized into four major classes anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic (amphoteric). The anionic and nonionic emulsifiers are the most widely used. In addition, mixtures of emulsifiers are also often used. Since the effects of the molecular structme and chemical and physical properties of an emulsifier on particle formation are still far from being well understood, numerous experimental investigations on particle formation have been carried out to date with various nonionic emulsifiers [99-102], mixed emulsifiers (ionic and nonionic emulsifiers) [18,103-106] and reactive surfactants [33, 107-110]. Recently, polymeric surfactants have become widely used and studied in emulsion polymerizations [111-116]. A general review of polymeric surfactants was published in 1992 by Piirma [117]. Recently, emulsion polymerization stabilized by nonionic and mixed (ionic and nonionic) emulsifiers was reviewed by Capek [118]. 

In a typical emulsion polymerization, emulsifier, initiator, and buffer are dissolved in deionized water and are fed continuously to... 

Research sponsored by the government and private corporations has contributed much to the understanding of fundamentals that govern the complex process of emulsion polymerization. Emulsifiers play the triple role of emulsifsdng the monomers, furnishing micelles which are the sites of polymer initiation, and stabilizing the latex during the polymerization and afterward. To obtain satisfactory rates of polymerization at low tem-... 

Chem. Descrip. Isopropylamine branched dodeoylbenzene sulfonate CAS 26264-05-1 EINECS/ELINCS 247-556-2 Uses Surfaotant for emulsion polymerization emulsifier for latexes pigment dispersant and spreading agent in latex paints defoamer in food-oontaot paper/paperboard Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 176,210... 

Chem. Descrip. POE modifled phenol ether Uses Emulsifier for latex emulsion polymerization emulsifier, dispersant for dyestuffs, pigments, binders, paints, printing inks Properties Yel. liq. above 30 C sol. in water and polar soivs. HLB 14.0 cloud pt. 80 3 C (1% aq.) pH 6.0-7.5 (1%) nonionic Noigen X-100 [Dai-ichi Karkarla]... 

Uses Surfactant for oil spill dispersants lubricant, antistat in textile spin finishes emulsifier for metalworking fluids, PVC prod. thickener for cosmetics, pigment preps. emulsifier for pharmaceuticals, paints, emulsion polymerization emulsifier, antifoam, antistat, lubricant for cosmetics, industrial applies. 

Properties Nonionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Coemulsifier for styrene and styrene/acrylic emulsion polymerization emulsifier, penetrant, wetting agent, cleaner. 

Classification Ethoxylated alkyl phenol Formula C9Hi9C6H4(OCH2CH2)nOH, avg. n = 120 Properties Nonionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant), emulsifier for emulsion polymerization emulsifier, cleansing agent in cosmetics in paper/paperboard in contact with dry food... 

Uses Auxiliary emulsifier, solubilizer, corrosion inhibitor in lubricants, metal protectants and cleaners, emulsion polymerization emulsifier in cosmetics... 

Emulsifiers. These serve several purposes in emulsion polymerization. Emulsifiers are needed for the preparation of the monomer emulsion and are also used later for stabilizing the final dispersion. The choice of the emulsifier, amount added, and the method of addition determines the particle size of the dispersion, which is typically in the range 50-1000 mm. 

Typical Applications High temperature detergents, emulsion polymerization, emulsifiers, petroleum processing Federal Regulation Complaince 175.105... 

Uses Surfactant for emulsion polymerization emulsifier solubilizer dry cleaning degreasers latex emulsifier pigment dispersant agric. sprays, oil slick emulsifier defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard Regulatory FDA 21CFR 176.210 Properties Cl. amber liq. dens. 8.5 Ib/gal pH 4.8 90% cone. 

Uses Detergent, wetting agent, primary emulsifier in emulsion polymerization emulsifier, lubricant in metalworking fomiulations conosion inhibitor when neutralized with TEA EP agent Features Exc. compat. with cone, electrolyte sol ns. 

Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization emulsifier and dispersant in paints Properties Liq. 28% act. 

Uses Raw material for surfactants, conditioners, disinfectants, plasticizers, emulsion polymerization emulsifiers, raw material tor creams/ointment, metal rolling oils oil base for lubricants of ABS, PS, PMMA, EVA emulsion stabilizer for creams and lotions quality modifier of lipsticks thickener Features Smooth touch to skin... 

Uses Raw material for surfactants, conditioners, disinfectants, plasticizers, emulsion polymerization emulsifiers, raw material forcreams/ointmenL metal rolling oils... 

Uses Emulsion polymerization emulsifier, post-stabilizer, dispersant for pigments ... 

Uses Emulsifier, solubilizer, dispersant in emulsion polymerization emulsifier for cutting and grinding fluids wetting agent, dispersant, softener, emulsifier in cosmetics emulsifier, wetting for eye medicine Features Used alone or with other anionic emulsion for vinyl acetate series, methacrylate series... 

Uses Surfactant for personal care, I l applies.. It. duty dishwashing liqs., fabric cleaners, emulsion polymerization emulsifier for food-contact articles Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 178.3400 Properties 60% act. 

Uses 0/w emulsifier for emulsion polymerization emulsifier and stabilizer for asphalt emulsion solubilizer food pkg. coatings, paper, cellophane, polymers defoamer in food-contact coatings food-contact animal glue Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.300,176.170,176.180,176.200,177.1200, 177.1210, 178.3120,182.99... 

Uses Surfactant used in mfg. of SB-dispersions and SBR/ABS emulsion polymerizations emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles Regulatory FDA 21CFR 178.3400 Properties Powd. 90% act. 

Uses Emulsifier in mfg. of plastics, resins, and n. mbbers by emulsion polymerization emulsifier and dispersant in textile printing pastes dispersant/lubricant in extnjsion of PVC... 

Uses Coupling agent for textile scouring, emulsion polymerization, emulsifier and wetting agent... 

Uses Mild foaming agent, conditioner, detergent, emulsifier, foam booster/stabilizerfor shampoos, liq. soaps, facial cleansers, bath gels, bubble baths coemulsifier for emulsion polymerization emulsifier, wetting agent for industrial, institutional and household cleaners... 

Uses Emulsifier in PVC emulsion polymerization emulsifier, solubilizer for textiles ... 

Uses Emulsifier, stabilizer for emulsion polymerization emulsifier, wetting agent, hydrotrope for use in alkaline cleaning sol ns., dishwash, hard surf, cleaners, mildew removers, dairy cleaner, oven cleaner, metal cleaning, textile processing, plastics mfg. 

Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization emulsifier for fats, oils, and solvents for personal care and detergents oil additive and corrosion inhibitor wetting agent lubricant, softener, antistat for textile fibers Properties Amber viscous liq. sol. in min. oil, IPA, methanol, ethanol insol. in propylene glycol, water HLB 8.6 acid no. 7 max. sapon. no. 158-170 hyd. no. 330-358 100% cone. 1% max. water Sorbac 40 [Oxiteno Mexico]... 

Uses Surfactant for emulsion polymerization emulsifier for creams, lotions solubilizer for topical pharmaceuticals and shampoos Properties Pale yel, solid HLB 17.2 100% cone. 

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