Emulsifier styrene emulsion polymerization

Abex 33S Abex AAE-301 Abex EP-100 Abex EP-120 Abex EP-277 Ammonium nonoxynol-4 sulfate, POLYSTEP A-16-22 emulsifier, styrene emulsion polymerization paints/coatings Monawet MT-70 Monawet SNO-35 emulsifier, styrene polymerization Abex 18S POLYSTEP A-15 emulsifier, styrene suspension polymerization paints/coatings Monawet MT-70 emulsifier, styrene-acrylates Dlsponll AES72IS emulsifier, styrene-acrylic emulsion polymerization... 

Medvedev et al. [57] extensively studied the use of nonionic emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization. The emulsion polymerizations in the presence of nonionic emulsifiers exhibited some differences relative to those carried out with the ionic ones. Medvedev et al, [57] proposed that the size of latex particles remained constant during the reaction period, but their number increased continually with the increasing monomer conversion. The use of nonionic emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization usually results in larger sizes relative to those obtained by the ionic emulsifiers. It is possible to reach a final size value of 250 nm by the use of nonionic emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of styrene [58]. 

Recently, Smigol et al. [75] extensively studied emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of different monomers including styrene, methyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate in an aqueous medium by using potassium peroxydisulfate as the initiator. In this study. 

Catalysis of Thermal Initiation of Styrene Emulsion Polymerization by Emulsifiers... 

Polystyrene beads (PS) are employed as physical templates for macropore. The emulsifier-tee emulsion polymerization method used here allows for the synthesise of nearly monodisperse latex beads of PS in the size of ca. 100 nm [10]. PS beads were prepared using 700 ml degassed water, 54 ml styrene monomer, 0.65 g potassium persulhite as initiator, and 20 ml divinylbenzene as cross-linkmg agent. PS beads were obtained at 70°C and 350 rpm, and dried under ambient condition. Aluminum fec-butoxide and stearic acid were separately dissolved in parent alcohol,. rec-butyl alcohol, at room tempature, and then the two solutions were mixed. Appropriate amount of HNO solution was dropped into the mixture at a rate of I ml/min to acidify and hydrolyze the aluminum precursor. PS beads were added into aluminum hydroxide solution after stirring for 10 h. The final pH of the reactant was approximately 7. Organic templates, both stearic acid and PS bead, were easily removed tern dried aluminum hydroxide by calcination. The overall synthetic procedure is as shown in Fig. 1. 

Equation (29) is an empirical equation presented by Ugelstad and Merk (1970) and may be useful in styrene emulsion polymerization because tbe value of w is about 10 or less than that under normal reaction conditions in this system. On the other hand, Eqs, (30) and (33) are applicable to vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride emulsion polymerizations (Ugelstad et al.. 1969 Harada et al., 1971 Friis and Nyhagen, 1973). Equation (34) explains very well tbc rate of aqueous dispersion polymerization of vinyl acetate in tha absence of emulsifier (Nomura et a ., 1978). 

Emulsion polymenzaticm without the use of an emulsifier may be achieved even with a monomer with v ter solubility as low as thet of styrene provided one uses an initiator such as potassium persulfate which introduces ionic end groups into the polymer that can stabilize the polymer latex particles produced electrostatically. Emulsifier free emulsion polymerization is advantageous when the object is to obtain a well-characterized model colloid for use in experiments on colloidal stability, etc. Then it is usually desirable that the surfaces of the colloidal particles be clean. When an emulsifier is used in the iH eparation, its removal (e.g., by dialysis) is generally so incomplete that it is simpler to avoid its use in the first place. However, emulsifier-free latexes are necessarily dilute and consequently of little interest for commercial applications. 

Kato S, Sato K, Maeda D, Nomura M. A kinetic investigation of styrene emulsion polymerization with surface active polyelectrolytes as the emulsifier. II Effects of molecular weight and composition. Colloids Surf 1999 A153 127-131. 

Chem. Descrip. Sodium laureth sulfate CAS 9004-82-4 EINECS/ELINCS 221-416-0 Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylates, methacrylates, styrene, butadiene for paper coatings, textile coatings, paints, adhesives, industrial coalings RegiJatay Canada DSL, EINECS, Australia, Korea listed Properties Liq. surf. tens. 40 dynes/cm ( CMC) anionic 60% cone. Toxicology TSCA listed Abex 26S [Rhodia HPCII]... 

Chem. Desaip. Sodium oct phenoletho sulfate Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate, acrylates, methacrylates, styrene, butadiene for paper coatings, textile coatings, paints, adhesives, industrial coatings Properties Liq. anionic 20% cone. 

CAS 151-21-3 EINECS/ELINCS 205-788-1 Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, styrene acrylics, acrylics, vinyl chloride and styrene butadiene emulsions defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in food-contact textiles in resinous/ polymeric food-contact coatings Features No formaldehyde present... 

Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization (acrylics, styrene-acrylic, vinyl acrylics, S/B, paints, coatings) food pkg. adhesives defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact ar-ticiGS... 

CAS 25155-30-0 EINECS/ELINCS 246-680-4 Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization (SBR, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene and acrylic latexes), paints/coatings crop protection food pkg. applies. surfactant for washing fruits and vegs. 

Chem. Descrip. Branched sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate CAS 25155-30-0 EINECS/ELINCS 246-680-4 Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization (SBR, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, and acrylic latexes), paints/coatings emulsifier, dispersant for agric. formulations surfactant for washing fruits and vegetables food pkg. adhesives, paper defoamer in food-contact paper/ paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.105,175.300,175.320,176.170,176.180, 176.200,176.210,178.3400 exempt from tolerance under EPA40CFR 180.1001 (c) (e) BGA XIV compliance Properties Flakes pH 6.0-9.5 (10%) surf. tens. 32 dynes/cm ( CMC) anionic 98% act. 

Macromolecular Chemistry Physics 202, No.ll, 4th Aug.2001, p.2454-60 WATER-SOLUBLE POLYURETHANE RESINS AS EMULSIFIERS IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE NUCLEATION AND PARTICLE GROWTH In-Woo Cheong Nomura M Jung Hyun Kim Yonsei,University Fukui,University... 

A sensitive mediatorless sensor of H2O2. Gold electrode was immersed in thiol-functionalized poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) (St-co-AA) nanosphere latex prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of St with AA and functionalized with dithioglycol to assemble the nanospheres. Then, GNPs were chemisorbed onto the thiol groups and formed monolayers on the surface of poly(St-co-AA) nanospheres. Finally, horseradish peroxidase was immobilized on the surface of the GNPs Polymer terminated by 2-(2,4-... 

Fig. 15. Change of monomer volume fraction in latex particles during batch styrene emulsion polymerization with SDS as emulsifier. A Initiator potassium peroxodisulfate (117) Initiator 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile (118) O Initiator 2,2 -azobisisobut5rronitrile(115).

Kinetics styrene emulsion polymerization, varying emulsifier and initiator 428-431 concentration (sodium dodecyl sulfate and potassium peroxodisulfate)... 

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